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Elections and Democracy

Democratic governments are meant to be accountable to public opinion while public opinion is influenced by national context and political institutions. Public opinion only exists in a national and institutional context. While national opinion polls can assess the current rating of parties and politicians, they cannot predict the outcome of a UK general election. To forecast the 2015 UK result requires examining party competition in 650 different constituencies. During an election campaign polls are certain to show party votes fluctuating up and down because of sampling error. In the parties are evenly matched, sampling fluctuations can make the winner’s crown rotate back and forth even when there is no change in public opinion.

The government of the European Union involves a unique combination of institutions and elections. On the one hand it is constituted by a treaty between states rather than being grounded in a document reflecting popular will. The national government that signs the Treaty must be democratically elected, but most are elected with less than half the popular vote. The European Parliament enables individuals to elect national representatives by proportional representation. However, MEPs then become members of Party Groups with members from up to 28 different states and their activities are dominated by Group commitments more than by national commitments. By contrast, national referendums on EU issues give individuals a direct say on treaties. The resulting tensions are a major theme of the CSPP’s programme on representing Europeans.

The link between elections and democracy became transparent when the fall of the Berlin Wall introduced multi-party elections in more than two dozen countries that for decades had been subject to a one-party Communist regime. The CSPP’s programme of Barometer surveys launched in 1991 began by tracking mass response to political, economic and social transformation and how they viewed the choice between democratic and undemocratic regimes in more than 15 post-Communist countries. Competitive elections were part of a process of democratization backwards, being introduced before the rule of law was secure. The outcome has been very different in Central and East European countries that are now new member states of the European Union and in successor states of the Soviet Union.

 

Books include

Representing Europeans: a Pragmatic Approach. Richard Rose. (Oxford University Press, 2013).

Popular Support for an Undemocratic Regime: the Changing Views of Russians. Richard Rose, William Mishler and Neil Munro. (Cambridge University Press, 2011).

Parties and Elections in New European Democracies. Richard Rose and Neil Munro. (ECPR Press, 2009).

Elections without Order: Russia's Challenge to Vladimir Putin. Richard Rose and Neil Munro. (Cambridge University Press, 2002).

Democracy and its Alternatives: Understanding Post-Communist Societies. Richard Rose, William Mishler and Christian Haerpfer. (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998).

CSPP Studies in Public Policy

SPP 524. THE ABSOLUTE AND INSTRUMENTAL LEGITIMACY OF DEMOCRACY. Richard Rose and Bernhard Weßels.

SPP 523. MASTER OF HIS FATE? POPULAR SUPPORT FOR PRESIDENT VLADIMIR PUTIN. William Mishler.

SPP 522. THE ROLLING PATH TO BREXIT. Richard Rose.

SPP 521. SHAPING VOTING INTENTIONS: THE EFFECT OF INFORMATION IN THE SCOTTISH INDEPENDENCE REFERENDUM. Davide Morisi.

SPP 520. NATIONAL PARTY PROGRAMMES AND EUROPEAN INTEGRATION. Kenneth Stevenson and Richard Rose.

SPP 515. GROWING UP COMMUNIST, LEARNING TO BE DEMOCRATIC: GENERATIONAL CHANGE IN POST-COMMUNIST EASTERN AND CENTRAL EUROPE. William Mishler, Richard Rose and Natalia Matukhno.

SPP 512. TO ASK OR TO SIMULATE? ESTIMATING THE POLITICAL EFFECTS OF LOW TURNOUT AT THE 2009 EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT ELECTION. Patrick Bernhagen and Richard Rose.

SPP 511. PUBLIC OPINION IN RUSSIA, 2014. Stephen White.

SPP 510. UNFAIR ELECTIONS AND SUPPORT FOR ELECTORAL PROTEST. Alesia Sedziaka and Richard Rose.

SPP 505. LUKASHENKA AND HIS VOTERS. Ian McAllister and Stephen White.

SPP 498. RESPONSIBLE PARTY GOVERNMENT IN A WORLD OF INTERDEPENDENCE. Richard Rose.

SPP 496. FACING UP TO BRITAIN'S EUROPE PROBLEMS. Richard Rose.

SPP 493. THE ROOTS OF CORRUPTION: MASS EDUCATION, ECONOMIC INEQUALITY AND STATE BUILDING. Eric M. Uslaner and Bo Rothstein.

SPP 492. NEW RUSSIA BAROMETER XX. PUBLIC OPINION OF VLADIMIR PUTIN'S RETURN AS PRESIDENT. Richard Rose.

SPP 491. PROFILING RUSSIAN PROTESTERS. Levada Centre, Moscow.

SPP 490. NEW RUSSIA BAROMETER XIX. THE 2011 DUMA ELECTION. Richard Rose.

SPP 488. A MATRIX MODEL OF TURNOUT. THE 2009 EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT ELECTION. Richard Rose and Gabriela Borz.

SPP 487. THE NATURE AND EVOLUTION OF PUBLIC SUPPORT FOR EUROPEAN INTEGRATION OVER THE LONG RUN. Christopher J. Anderson and Jason D Hecht.

SPP 486.  REPRESENTATION IN PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACIES: THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AS A DEVIANT CASE. Richard Rose.

SPP 485. DESIGNING LOW-COST CAMPAIGNS? THE EFFECTS OF PARTY FINANCE ON NATIONAL PARTIES IN EUROPEAN ELECTIONS.  Mathieu Petithomme.

SPP 484. CITIZEN PARTICIPATION AND THE LISBON TREATY: A LEGAL PERSPECTIVE. Francesco Maiani.

SPP 483. THE ORGANIZATION OF THE EU PARLIAMENTARY PARTIES: THE IMPACT OF EASTERN ENLARGEMENT. Edoardo Bressanelli.

SPP 482. UNCO-ORDINATED AGGREGATION IN THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT PARTY SYSTEM. Richard Rose and Gabriela Borz.

SPP 481. DEMOCRATIZING THE MEASUREMENT OF DEMOCRATIC QUALITY: PUBLIC ATTITUDE DATA AND THE EVALUATION OF AFRICAN POLITICAL REGIMES. Carolyn Logan and Robert Mattes.

SPP 480. ELECTION OBSERVATION AND THE POLITICISATION OF DEMOCRACY. Derek Hutcheson.

SPP 478. IS THERE A DEMAND FOR REFERENDUMS ON EUROPE?. Richard Rose and Gabriela Borz.

SPP 477. PUBLIC OPINION IN UKRAINE, 2010. Ian McAllister and Stephen White.

SPP 474. POLITICAL TRUST AND DISTRUST IN POST-AUTHORITARIAN CONTEXTS. Richard Rose and William Mishler.

SPP 473. ON POLITICAL REPRESENTATION: MYTHS AND CHALLENGES. Johannes Pollak.

SPP 472. INEQUALITY IN THE REPRESENTATION OF CITIZENS IN THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT. Richard Rose and Patrick Bernhagen.

SPP 471. TWENTY YEARS OF POST-COMMUNIST ELECTIONS: THE VOTERS' PERSPECTIVE. Derek S. Hutcheson.

SPP 470. MAPPING PARTIES ACROSS EUROPE WITH EU PROFILER DATA. Gabriela Borz and Richard Rose.

SPP 468. EXPLANATION IS NOT JUSTIFICATION: REPRESENTATION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION SYSTEM. Richard Rose.

SPP 467. PATTERNS OF PARTY REGULATION IN POST-WAR EUROPEAN CONSTITUTIONS. Ingrid van Biezen and Gabriela Borz.

SPP 466. VARIABILITY IN EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT TURNOUT: POLITICAL CAUSES AND IMPLICATIONS. Richard Rose and Gabriela Borz.

SPP 465. QUALITIES OF DEMOCRACY: HOW TO ANALYZE THEM. Leonardo Morlino.

SPP 463. EPISTEMIC COMMUNITIES AND INTER-ORGANIZATIONAL COOPERATION: THE CASE OF THE EUROPEAN MINORITY RIGHTS REGIME. David J. Galbreath and Joanne McEvoy.

SPP 462. RUSSIANS IN ECONOMIC CRISIS: NEW RUSSIA BAROMETER XVIII. Richard Rose.

SPP 461. THE NEW INSTITUTIONALISM IN STUDYING AUTHORITARIAN REGIMES. Andreas Schedler.

SPP 460. ELECTIONS BEFORE DEMOCRACY IN EUROPE. Richard Rose.

SPP 459. HICAB, TURBAN, AND DEMOCRACY: RELIGIOUS FREEDOM VERSUS POLITICAL PROTEST. Ersin Kalaycioglu.

SPP 457. IS POPULISM THE ’BAD WOLF’? POST-ACCESSION CRISIS OF REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY IN BULGARIA AND ROMANIA. Svetlozar Andreev.

SPP 456. RUSSIAN ELECTIONS SINCE 1991. Neil Munro and Richard Rose.

SPP 455. RETHINKING THE ‘ORANGE REVOLUTION’. Stephen White and Ian McAllister.

SPP 453. EVALUATIONS OF DEMOCRATIC PERFORMANCE: THE INFLUENCE OF INSTITUTIONAL AND INDIVIDUAL FACTORS. Kadri Lühiste.

SPP 451. THE FUTURE OF SCOTTISH DEVOLUTION AND THE CALMAN COMMISSION. Michael Keating.

SPP 450. RESPONSES TO TRANSFORMATION AND AFTER: TRENDS IN RUSSIAN OPINION SINCE 1992. Richard Rose.

SPP 447. THINKING ABOUT DEMOCRACY: CHINESE LEARNING FROM THE SOVIET COLLAPSE. Neil Munro.

SPP 446. HOW DO ELECTORS RESPOND TO AN UNFAIR ELECTION? THE EXPERIENCE OF RUSSIANS. Richard Rose and William Mishler.

SPP 445. A SUPPLY-DEMAND MODEL OF PARTY-SYSTEM INSTITUTIONALIZATION: THE RUSSIAN CASE. Richard Rose and William Mishler.

SPP 444. DEMOCRATIC AND UNDEMOCRATIC STATES. Richard Rose.

SPP 443. ELECTING A NEW LEADER?: NEW RUSSIA BAROMETER XVII. Richard Rose.

SPP 442. NEW RUSSIA BAROMETER XVI: UNITED RUSSIA'S DUMA VICTORY. Richard Rose.

SPP 441. A TWO-WAY STREET IN POPULAR SUPPORT FOR NEW REGIMES: THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF POST-COMMUNIST TRANSITIONS. William Mishler and Richard Rose.

SPP 440. TURKISH VOTERS AND LOSERS' CONSENT. Richard Rose.

SPP 439. IDEOLOGY OR ECONOMIC PRAGMATISM: DETERMINANTS OF PARTY CHOICE IN TURKEY FOR THE JULY 2007 ELECTIONS. Ali Carkoglu.

SPP 438. UNDER WHAT CONDITIONS CAN NON-VOTERS AFFECT AN ELECTION OUTCOME? Ulrich Kohler and Richard Rose.

SPP 435. PARTY AFFILIATIONS OF TURKISH VOTERS TODAY. Ersin Kalaycioglu.

SPP 433. WHAT MAKES A GOOD CITIZEN? ATTITUDES TOWARDS CIVIC VIRTUE IN EUROPE AND HOW SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IMPACT UPON THEM. Florian Pichler and Claire Wallace.

SPP 431. SOCIAL CAPITAL AND SOCIAL CLASS IN EUROPE: THE ROLE OF SOCIAL NETWORKS IN SOCIAL STRATIFICATION. Florian Pichler and Claire Wallace.

SPP 430. IS RUSSIA BECOMING A NORMAL SOCIETY? Richard Rose.

SPP 429. THE IMPACT OF PRESIDENT PUTIN ON POPULAR SUPPORT FOR RUSSIA'S REGIME. Richard Rose.

SPP 428. A GUIDE TO RUSSIAN ELECTIONS. Neil Munro and Richard Rose.

SPP 426. NEW RUSSIA BAROMETER XV: THE CLIMAX OF THE PUTIN YEARS. Richard Rose.

SPP 424. LEARNING TO SUPPORT NEW REGIMES IN EUROPE. Richard Rose.

SPP 423. EUROPEANIZATION FROM BELOW - CIVIL SOCIETY MONITORING OF BULGARIA’S ACCESSION TO THE EU. Svetlozar Andreev.

SPP 422. POLITICAL COMMUNICATION AMONG EU CITIZENS: LANGUAGE, THE INTERNET AND SOFT POWER. Richard Rose.

SPP 420. EVALUATING DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE: A BOTTOM UP APPROACH TO EUROPEAN UNION ENLARGEMENT. Richard Rose.

SPP 419. DO RUSSIANS SEE THEIR FUTURE IN EUROPE OR THE CIS? Richard Rose and Neil Munro.

SPP 418. DIVERGING PATHS OF POST-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES: NEW EUROPE BAROMETER TRENDS SINCE 1991. Richard Rose.

SPP 415. TIME MATTERS: ADAPTING TO THE CONSEQUENCES OF TRANSFORMATION. Richard Rose, William Mishler and Neil Munro.

SPP 414. POLITICAL BEHAVIOUR IN TIME AND SPACE. Richard Rose.

SPP 412. GENERATIONS THROUGH TIME: THE DYNAMICS OF POLITICAL LEARNING DURING RUSSIA'S TRANSFORMATION . William Mishler and Richard Rose.

SPP 411. THE KOREA DEMOCRACY BAROMETER SURVEYS 1997-2004. UNRAVELING THE CULTURAL AND INSTITUTIONAL DYNAMICS OF DEMOCRATIZATION . Doh Chull Shin and Jaechul Lee.

SPP 410. FAIR TREATMENT IN A DIVIDED SOCIETY: A BOTTOM UP ASSESSMENT OF BUREAUCRATIC ENCOUNTERS IN LATVIA. David J Galbreath and Richard Rose.

SPP 409. RUSSIA'S PERSISTENT COMMUNIST LEGACY: NOSTALGIA, REACTION AND REACTIONARY EXPECTATIONS. Neil Munro.

SPP 408. GOING PUBLIC WITH PRIVATE OPINIONS: ARE POST-COMMUNIST CITIZENS AFRAID TO SAY WHAT THEY THINK?. Richard Rose.

SPP 407. SOUTH-EAST EUROPE BAROMETER: PUBLIC OPINION COMPARED IN 7 COUNTRIES. Paul Lazarsfeld Society.

SPP 406. CROATIAN OPINION AND EU MEMBERSHIP. Richard Rose.

SPP 405. THE MOLDOVAN COMMUNISTS: FROM LENINISM TO DEMOCRACY? Luke March.

SPP 403. DIVISIONS WITHIN UKRAINE: A POST-ELECTION OPINION SURVEY. Richard Rose.

SPP 402. NEW RUSSIA BAROMETER XIV: EVIDENCE OF DISSATISFACTION. Richard Rose.

SPP 400. ARE BULGARIA AND ROMANIA UP TO EU STANDARDS? A NEW EUROPE BAROMETER EVALUATION. Richard Rose.

SPP 399. BALTIC IDENTITIES AND INTERESTS IN A EUROPEAN SETTING. Richard Rose, Sten Berglund and Neil Munro.

SPP 398. A GLOBAL DIFFUSION MODEL OF E-GOVERNANCE. Richard Rose.

SPP 397. RUSSIAN ANTI-SEMITISM AND THE SCAPEGOATING OF JEWS. James L Gibson and Marc Morjé Howard.

SPP 396. BOSNIA-HERCEGOVINA PUBLIC OPINION: A SOUTH-EAST BAROMETER STUDY. Paul Lazarsfeld Society.

SPP 395. OPPOSITION COALITIONS AND POLITICAL LIBERALIZATION IN COMPETITIVE AUTHORITARIAN REGIMES. Marc Morjé Howard and Philip G Roessler.

SPP 394. DEMOCRATS WITH ADJECTIVES: LINKING DIRECT AND INDIRECT MEASURES OF DEMOCRATIC SUPPORT. Andreas Schedler and Rodolfo Sarsfield.

SPP 393. DIFFERENT DYNAMICS FOR CONTRASTING LEGACIES: SOUTH KOREA AND RUSSIA COMPARED. Neil Munro.

SPP 392. RESIGNED ACCEPTANCE OF AN INCOMPLETE DEMOCRACY: RUSSIA'S POLITICAL EQUILIBRIUM. Richard Rose, Neil Munro and William Mishler.

SPP 391. DISCURSIVE IDENTITY AND EU INTEGRATION. Raivo Vetik, Gerli Nimmerfeldt, Marti Taru and Mart Kivimae.

SPP 389. NATION-STATES WITH MULTI-NATIONAL POPULATIONS. Richard Rose, Sten Berglund and Neil Munro.

SPP 388. NEW RUSSIA BAROMETER XIII: PUTIN’S RE-ELECTION. Richard Rose.

SPP 387. ELECTORAL ALLIANCES IN A MIXED ELECTORAL SYSTEM: THE CASE OF LITHUANIA. Robertas Pogorelis.

SPP 386. POLITICAL TRUST, TURNOUT AND GOVERNANCE CAPITAL. Richard Rose.

SPP 385. ATTITUDES TOWARD DEMOCRACY IN SEVEN COUNTRIES: DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE AND BEHAVIORAL CORRELATES. Richard Gunther with Jose Ramon Montero.

SPP 384. NEW RUSSIA BAROMETER XII: THE DUMA ELECTION. Richard Rose and VCIOM-Analytica.

SPP 383. CENTRAL EUROPEAN WAYS TO DEMOCRACY. András Bozóki.

SPP 382. PARTY COMPETITION IN EMERGING DEMOCRACIES: REPRESENTATION AND EFFECTIVENESS. Jack Bielasiak.

SPP 381. EXPLAINING POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN EAST-CENTRAL EUROPE: SOCIAL CAPITAL, DEMOCRACY AND THE COMMUNIST PAST. Natalia Letki.

SPP 379. POCKETBOOK OR ROSARY? ECONOMIC AND IDENTITY VOTING IN 2000-2001 ELECTIONS IN POLAND. Krzysztof Jasiewicz.

SPP 377. THE QUALITY OF DEMOCRACY IN KOREA AS APPRAISED BY ORDINARY CITIZENS. Doh Chull Shin and Chong-Min Park.

SPP 376. SERBS, MONTENEGRINS AND CROATS COMPARED. Paul Lazarsfeld Society.

SPP 375. PLURALISM BY DEFAULT: CHALLENGES OF AUTHORITARIAN STATE-BUILDING IN BELARUS, MOLDOVA, AND UKRAINE. Lucan A Way.

SPP 374. WHAT ARE THE POLITICAL CONSEQUENCES OF TRUST? A RUSSIAN STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODEL. William Mishler and Richard Rose.

SPP 373. SAME SYSTEM, DIFFERENT OUTCOME: LEGISLATIVE BEHAVIOR DIFFERENCES IN RUSSIA AND UKRAINE. Frank C Thames.

SPP 372. MONITORING GOVERNANCE AND ECONOMY IN TRANSITIONAL SOCIETIES: A SURVEY RESEARCH APPROACH. Richard Rose.

SPP 370. CAN MUSLIMS BE DEMOCRATS? EVIDENCE FROM CENTRAL ASIA. Richard Rose.

SPP 369. THE GROWTH OF DEMOCRATIC POLITICAL SOPHISTICATION IN KOREA. Doh Chull Shin, Chong-Min Park and Jiho Jang.

SPP 367. POLITICS BEYOND THE RING ROAD: RETHINKING POST-SOVIET EXPERIENCE. Vladimir Gel'man.

SPP 366. WHEN ALL OTHER CONDITIONS ARE NOT EQUAL: THE CONTEXT FOR DRAWING LESSONS. Richard Rose.

SPP 365. THE DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL PARTIES: RUSSIA IN PERSPECTIVE. Axel Hadenius.

SPP 361. AGENTS OF TRANSFORMATION: THE ROLE OF THE WEST IN POST-COMMUNIST CENTRAL BANK DEVELOPMENT. Juliet Johnson.

SPP 357. OPINION BEFORE AND AFTER IN SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO. Paul Lazarsfeld Society.

SPP 356. WHAT DOES SOCIAL CAPITAL ADD TO DEMOCRATIC VALUES? Richard Rose and Craig Weller.

SPP 355. COMPETITIVE AUTHORITARIANISM: HYBRID REGIME CHANGE IN PERU AND UKRAINE IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE. Steven Levitsky and Lucan A Way.

SPP 354. THE INTERNET'S IMPACT ON EAST ASIAN GOVERNANCE: OPENNESS, IMPERSONAL RULES AND ACCOUNTABILITY. Richard Rose.

SPP 353. THE POST-TOTALITARIAN GAME: STRUCTURE AND AGENCY IN TRANSITIONS FROM COMMUNISM. Judith Kullberg.

SPP 352. HAVE YOUR CAKE AND EAT IT TOO: TENSIONS BETWEEN DEMOCRACY AND ORDER AMONG RUSSIAN CITIZENS. Ellen Carnaghan.

SPP 351. ON THE INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF PARTY REGIMES IN EMERGING DEMOCRACIES. Jack Bielasiak.

SPP 349. A DECADE OF CHANGE BUT NOT MUCH PROGRESS: HOW RUSSIANS ARE COPING. Richard Rose.

SPP 345. GROWTH AND EQUIVOCATION IN SUPPORT FOR DEMOCRACY IN KOREA AND TAIWAN. Yun-han Chu, Larry Diamond and Doh Chull Shin.

SPP 344. ELECTIONS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. Neil Munro and Richard Rose.

SPP 340. CARTEL GOVERNMENT AND POLITICAL PROTEST: RIGGING SCHUMPETER'S SYSTEM OF DEMOCRACY. Richard Rose.

SPP 339. KOREA DEMOCRACY BAROMETER SURVEYS. Doh Chull Shin.

SPP 338. NEW BALTIC BAROMETER IV: A SURVEY STUDY. Richard Rose.

SPP 336. REGIME SUPPORT IN NON-DEMOCRATIC AND DEMOCRATIC CONTEXTS. Richard Rose and William Mishler.

SPP 335. THE DYNAMICS OF PRESIDENTIAL POPULARITY IN POST-COMMUNIST RUSSIA: HOW EXCEPTIONAL IS RUSSIAN POLITICS? Wm. Mishler and J.P. Willerton.

SPP 334. RUSSIAN VOTERS AND FOREIGN POLICY. Stephen White, Neil Munro and Richard Rose.

SPP 333. POLITICAL SUPPORT FOR INCOMPLETE DEMOCRACIES: REALIST VS. IDEALIST THEORIES AND MEASURES. William Mishler and Richard Rose.

SPP 332. HOW STRONG IS VLADIMIR PUTIN’S SUPPORT? Richard Rose, Neil Munro and Stephen White.

SPP 331. THE 1999 DUMA VOTE: A FLOATING PARTY SYSTEM. Richard Rose, Neil Munro and Stephen White.

SPP 330. RUSSIA ELECTS A PRESIDENT: NEW RUSSIA BAROMETER IX. Richard Rose with VCIOM, Moscow.

SPP 328. RUSSIA BETWEEN ELECTIONS: NEW RUSSIA BAROMETER VIII. Richard Rose with VCIOM.

SPP 326. LEARNING AND RE-LEARNING REGIME SUPPORT: THE DYNAMICS OF POST-COMMUNIST REGIMES. William Mishler and Richard Rose.

SPP 325. FREE NOT TO PARTICIPATE: THE WEAKNESS OF CIVIL SOCIETY IN POST-COMMUNIST EUROPE. Marc Morjé Howard.

SPP 323. XENOPHOBIA IN POST-COMMUNIST EUROPE. Claire Wallace.

SPP 322. THINKING ABOUT DEMOCRACY: INTERVIEWS WITH RUSSIAN CITIZENS. Ellen Carnaghan.

SPP 319. THE MIXED MEMBER ELECTORAL SYSTEM IN RUSSIA. Ian McAllister and Stephen White.

SPP 317. PARTY SYSTEMS IN CENTRAL EAST EUROPE: DIMENSIONS OF SYSTEM STABILITY. Algis Krupavicius.

SPP 316. YOUNG PEOPLE IN POLITICS: A MULTI-CONTINENTAL SURVEY. Dr Marta Lagos and Professor Richard Rose.

SPP 315. RATIONAL ACTORS, INSTITUTIONAL CHOICES AND DEMOCRACY IN KOREA. Hee Min Kim.

SPP 314. DEMOCRATIZATION BACKWARDS: THE PROBLEM OF THIRD WAVE DEMOCRACIES. Richard Rose and Doh Chull Shin.

SPP 313. POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN A NEW DEMOCRACY: INSTITUTIONAL CONSIDERATIONS FROM ZAMBIA. Michael Bratton, Michigan State University.

SPP 311. RESPONDING TO ECONOMIC CRISIS: THE 1998 NEW KOREA BAROMETER SURVEY. Doh C. Shin and Richard Rose.

SPP 310. TRUST IN UNTRUSTWORTHY INSTITUTIONS: CULTURE AND INSTITUTIONAL PERFORMANCE IN POST-COMMUNIST EUROPE. William Mishler and Richard Rose.

SPP 309. THE RUSSIAN ANOMALY AND THE THEORY OF DEMOCRACY. Richard D. Anderson Jnr.

SPP 307. RELIGION AND POLITICAL ACTION IN POSTCOMMUNIST EUROPE. Stephen White, Bill Miller, Ase Grodeland and Sarah Oates.

SPP 302. QUALITIES OF INCOMPLETE DEMOCRACIES. RUSSIA, THE CZECH REPUBLIC AND KOREA COMPARED. Richard Rose and Doh C Shin.

SPP 301. SOCIAL NETWORKS AND CIVIL SOCIETY IN PROCESSES OF DEMOCRATIZATION. James L Gibson.

SPP 298. FIVE YEARS AFTER THE FALL: TRAJECTORIES OF SUPPORT FOR DEMOCRACY IN POST-COMMUNIST EUROPE. William Mishler and Richard Rose.

SPP 295. RUSSIAN POLITICAL CULTURE IN A TIME OF TROUBLES. YAROSLAVL' 1990-96. Jeffrey W Hahn.

SPP 294. SURVEY MEASURES OF DEMOCRACY. Richard Rose.

SPP 291. AN EXPERIMENT IN PERSUADING RUSSIANS TO TOLERATE. James L Gibson.

SPP 290. EVALUATING ELECTION TURNOUT. Richard Rose.

SPP 289. IDEOLOGY, UNCERTAINTY AND THE RISE OF ANTI-SYSTEM PARTIES IN POSTCOMMUNIST RUSSIA. Stephen E Hanson.

SPP 287. RUSSIANS IN THE BALTIC: A 1991 SURVEY. VCIOM (Russian Centre for Public Opinion and Market Research).

SPP 286. NEGATIVE AND POSITIVE PARTISANSHIP IN POST-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES. Richard Rose and William Mishler.

SPP 285. PRIMORDIAL AND MINORITY PRESSURES IN LITHUANIA. Terry D Clark.

SPP 280. WHERE ARE POST-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES GOING?. Richard Rose.

SPP 279. POLITICAL PARTIES AND DEMOCRATIC CONSOLIDATION IN EAST CENTRAL EUROPE. Gabor Toka.

SPP 278. SOCIAL CAPITAL AGAINST THE STATE. Richard Rose, Christian Haerpfer and William Mishler.

SPP 276. KTO KOGO: RUSSIA'S FORCED-CHOICE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION. Richard Rose and Evgeny Tikhomirov.

SPP 275. PUTTING UP WITH FELLOW RUSSIANS: POLITICAL TOLERANCE IN A FLEDGLING DEMOCRACY. James L Gibson.

SPP 273. POPULAR CONCEPTIONS OF DEMOCRACY IN POST-COMMUNIST EUROPE. Janos Simon.

SPP 272. NEW RUSSIA BAROMETER VI: AFTER THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION. Richard Rose.

SPP 271. UNDERSTANDING MULTI-PARTY CHOICE: THE 1995 DUMA ELECTION. Richard Rose, Evgeny Tikhomirov and William Mishler.

SPP 270. CHANGE AND STABILITY IN THE NEW DEMOCRACIES BAROMETER: A TREND ANALYSIS. Richard Rose and Christian Haerpfer.

SPP 268. THE IMPACT OF A READY-MADE STATE: EAST GERMANS AS UNIQUELY PRIVILEGED. Richard Rose and Christian Haerpfer.

SPP 267. TOLERANCE FOR A MULTIETHNIC BOSNIA-HERCEGOVINA: TESTING ALTERNATIVE THEORIES. Mary McIntosh and Dan Abele.

SPP 265. THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND THE ELECTORAL PROCESS. Richard Sakwa.

SPP 262. NEW DEMOCRACIES BAROMETER IV. Richard Rose and Christian Haerpfer.

SPP 261. BORIS YELTSIN'S CHANGING POPULAR SUPPORT. Richard Rose and Stephen White.

SPP 260. NEW RUSSIA BAROMETER V: BETWEEN TWO ELECTIONS. Richard Rose and VCIOM (All-Russian Centre for Public Opinion).

SPP 259. WHAT IS DIFFERENT ABOUT POST-COMMUNIST PARTY SYSTEMS? Peter Mair.

SPP 257. POLITICAL COMPETITION AND IDEOLOGICAL DIMENSIONS IN CENTRAL EASTERN EUROPE. Radoslaw Markowski.

SPP 256. TRENDS IN THE NEW RUSSIA BAROMETER, 1992-95. Richard Rose and Evgeny Tikhomirov.

SPP 255. DEMOCRATIC DISORDER AND RUSSIAN PUBLIC OPINION: TRENDS IN VCIOM SURVEYS 1991-95. Yuri Levada.

SPP 253. EX-COMMUNISTS IN POST-COMMUNIST SOCIETIES. Richard Rose.

SPP 252. TRUST, DISTRUST AND SKEPTICISM ABOUT INSTITUTIONS OF CIVIL SOCIETY. William Mishler and Richard Rose.

SPP 251. NEW BALTIC BAROMETER II: A SURVEY STUDY. Richard Rose with Vilmorus, Lasopec and Emor.

SPP 249. IDENTITY IN FORMATION: THE RUSSIAN-SPEAKING NATIONALITY IN ESTONIA AND BASHKORTOSTAN. David D Laitin.

SPP 248. WHAT ARE THE ALTERNATIVES TO DEMOCRACY IN POST-COMMUNIST SOCIETIES? Richard Rose and William Mishler.

SPP 247. UNDERSTANDING DEMOCRACY: A COMPARISON OF MASS AND ELITE IN POST-SOVIET RUSSIA AND UKRAINE. Arthur H Miller, Vicki L Hesli and William M Reisinger.

SPP 246. MOBILIZING DEMOBILIZED VOTERS IN POSTCOMMUNIST SOCIETIES. Richard Rose.

SPP 244. GERMAN RESPONSES TO REGIME CHANGE: CULTURE, CLASS, ECONOMY OR CONTEXT. Richard Rose and Edward C Page.

SPP 243. THE REFERENDUM IN COMMUNIST AND POSTCOMMUNIST EUROPE. Ronald J Hill and Stephen White.

SPP 242. FREEDOM AS A FUNDAMENTAL VALUE. Richard Rose.

SPP 241. PARTY SYSTEMS IN EAST CENTRAL EUROPE CONSOLIDATION OR FLUIDITY? Herbert Kitschelt.

SPP 239. PENSIONERS, GENDER AND POVERTY IN THE BALTIC STATES. Richard Rose.

SPP 238. PRESIDENTS vs PRIME MINISTERS: SHAPING EXECUTIVE AUTHORITY IN EASTERN EUROPE. Thomas A Baylis.

SPP 237. ALIENATION, APATHY OR AMBIVALENCE? DON'T KNOWS AND DEMOCRACY IN RUSSIA. Ellen Carnaghan.

SPP 236. WHAT CHANCE FOR DEMOCRACY IN EASTERN EUROPE? TESTING THE CHURCHILL HYPOTHESIS. Richard Rose.

SPP 234. GENERATIONAL EFFECTS ON ATTITUDES TO COMMUNIST REGIMES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS. Richard Rose and Ellen Carnaghan.

SPP 232. REPRESENTATION AND EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP IN POST-COMMUNIST POLITICAL SYSTEMS. Richard Rose and William Mishler.

SPP 231. CONFLICT OR COMPROMISE IN THE BALTIC STATES: WHAT DO THE PEOPLES THERE THINK? Richard Rose and William Maley.

SPP 230. NEW DEMOCRACIES BAROMETER III: LEARNING FROM WHAT IS HAPPENING. Richard Rose and Christian Haerpfer.

SPP 228. NEW RUSSIA BAROMETER III: THE RESULTS. (1994) Richard Rose and Christian Haerpfer.

SPP 226. DISTRUST AS AN OBSTACLE TO THE CIVIL SOCIETY. Richard Rose.

SPP 223. POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN POSTCOMMUNIST RUSSIA: VOTING, ACTIVISM AND THE POTENTIAL FOR MASS PROTEST. Ian McAllister and Stephen White.

SPP 222. NATIONALITIES IN THE BALTIC STATES: A SURVEY STUDY. Richard Rose, William Maley, VILMORUS, LASOPEC and EMOR.

SPP 221. COMMUNISTS AFTER COMMUNISM. Stephen White and Ian McAllister.

SPP 220. DYNAMICS OF DEMOCRATIC REGIMES. Richard Rose.

SPP 217. LEGISLATURES AND NEW DEMOCRACIES: Public Support for Parliaments and Regimes in Eastern Europe. William T.E. Mishler and Richard Rose.

SPP 214. TRAJECTORIES OF FEAR AND HOPE: The Dynamics of Support for Democracy in Eastern Europe. William T.E. Mishler and Richard Rose.

SPP 212. ADAPTING TO TRANSFORMATION IN EASTERN EUROPE: New Democracies Barometer-II. Richard Rose and Christian Haerpfer.

SPP 211. EUROPEANIZATION THROUGH PRIVATIZATION AND PLURALIZATION IN HUNGARY. Attila Agh.

SPP 210. REACTING TO REGIME CHANGE IN EASTERN EUROPE: Polarization or Leaders and Laggards? Richard Rose and William Mishler.

SPP 204. NEW DEMOCRACIES BETWEEN STATE AND MARKET: A Baseline Report. Richard Rose and Christian Haerpfer.

SPP 201. POLAND: A SURVEY OF ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL BEHAVIOUR. Ankieta, Poznan.

SPP 200. TOWARD A CIVIL ECONOMY? Richard Rose.

SPP 199. BULGARIA: A SURVEY OF ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL BEHAVIOUR. NAPOC, Sofia.

SPP 198. CZECHS AND SLOVAKS COMPARED. Results of a Survey of Economic and Political Behaviour. AISA, Prague.

SPP 196. BETWEEN STATE AND MARKET: Key Indicators of Transition in Eastern Europe. Richard Rose.

SPP 193. BRINGING FREEDOM BACK IN. Rethinking Priorities of the Welfare State. Richard Rose.

SPP 192. ESCAPING ABSOLUTE DISSATISFACTION. A Trial-and-Error Model of Change in Eastern Europe. Richard Rose.

For election results since 1990, see Bulgaria, Czechslovakia, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovenia, Russia.

 


CSPP School of Government & Public Policy U. of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XQ Scotland
Email: cspp@strath.ac.uk