New Baltic Barometer I Questionnaire
I. ATTITUDES TO BUSINESS, WELFARE
Q. With liberalization of the market, some people have been able to earn a
lot of money. How much do you think the following phrases apply to people
who now have large incomes?
1) Work hard
Definitely
Somewhat
A little
Not at all
Don’t know
2) Exploit other people
Definitely
Somewhat
A little
Not at all
Don’t know
3) Help make our economy grow
Definitely
Somewhat
A little
Not at all
Don’t know
4) Use job, connections (blat)
Definitely
Somewhat
A little
Not at all
Don’t know
5) Intelligent
Definitely
Somewhat
A little
Not at all
Don’t know
6) Have foreign connections
Definitely
Somewhat
A little
Not at all
Don’t know
7) Enterprising
Definitely
Somewhat
A little
Not at all
Don’t know
8) Dishonest
Definitely
Somewhat
A little
Not at all
Don’t know
Q. People hold different views about the economy. For each pair of statements,
which is closer to your own view?
9) Incomes should be made more equal
OR
Individual achievement should determine how much people are paid
Equality
Achievement
Don’t know
10) Individuals should take responsibility for themselves
OR
The state should be responsible for providing for every household
Individual
State
Don’t know
11) State ownership is the best way to run an enterprise
OR
An enterprise is best run by private owners.
State
Private
Don’t know
12) A good job is one that is secure even if it doesn’t pay very much
OR
A good job pays good money, even if it risks unemployment
Secure
Well-paid
Don’t know
13) Getting the economy right should be the first priority for government
OR
Stopping crime and maintaining order should be the first priority
Economy
Order
Don’t know
14) Government should cut taxes even if it means reducing spending on education,
health care and pensions
OR
Even if means people like myself paying more in taxes, government should spend
more on education, health care and pensions
Cut taxes
Increase welfare
Don’t know
15) Rising prices are the biggest threat to our household
OR
Unemployment is the biggest threat to our household
Rising prices
Unemployment
Don’t know
PRIVATIZATION
Q. There is a lot of talk these days about privatizing big enterprises. What
do you think are the most likely consequences of privatization?
16) Make the economy more productive
Very likely
Likely
Not very likely
Not at all likely
Don’t know
17) Make a few people rich
Very likely
Likely
Not very likely
Not at all likely
Don’t know
18) Everyone will benefit materially
Very likely
Likely
Not very likely
Not at all likely
Don’t know
19) Keep power in the hands of enterprise managers
Very likely
Likely
Not very likely
Not at all likely
Don’t know
20) Give workers influence on the future of their enterprise
Very likely
Likely
Not very likely
Not at all likely
Don’t know
21) Increase unemployment
Very likely
Likely
Not very likely
Not at all likely
Don’t know
22) Put more goods in the shops
Very likely
Likely
Not very likely
Not at all likely
Don’t know
23) Increase prices
Very likely
Likely
Not very likely
Not at all likely
Don’t know
24) Mainly benefit foreigners
Very likely
Likely
Not very likely
Not at all likely
Don’t know
25) It won’t make any real difference
Very likely
Likely
Not very likely
Not at all likely
Don’t know
II. PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION
A) FIRST JOB, OFFICIAL ECONOMY
26) What is your economic status?
Employed
Pensioner
Working pens’r
Working student
Student
Unemployed
Housewife
IF A STUDENT
27) Do you work?
Full time
Part-time
No
IF UNEMPLOYED
28) Do you get unemployment money?
Yes
No
IF EMPLOYED
29) How long have you held your current job?
1 year
2 years
3 years
4-5 years
6-10 years
11-15 years
16-20 years
More than 20
30) During the past year have you:
Been unemployed?
Yes
No
Been on short-time pay?
Yes
No
Been on compulsory holiday without pay?
Yes
No
None of the above
Q. For how many weeks were you:
31) Unemployed
1-4 weeks
5-8 weeks
9-12 weeks
13-16 weeks
17-20 weeks
21-24 weeks
25-26 weeks
27-36 weeks
37-47 weeks
48-52 weeks
32) On short-time pay
1-2 weeks
3-4 weeks
5-6 weeks
7-8 weeks
9-12 weeks
13-16 weeks
17-20 weeks
21-32 weeks
33-44 weeks
45-52 weeks
33) On compulsory holiday without pay
1 week
2 weeks
3 weeks
4 weeks
5-6 weeks
7-8 weeks
9-12 weeks
13-16 weeks
17-24 weeks
More than 24
34) In the past year about how many days have you been away from work because
of illness?
1-3 days
4-5 days
6-7 days
8-10 days
11-15 days
16-20 days
21-30 days
30-60 days
More than 60
35) Are you worried about losing your job?
Yes, very
Somewhat
No
Don’t know
36) What is your occupation?
Professional, manager
Trained supervisor
Trained non-manual without subordinates
Routine non-manual
Skilled manual
Unskilled manual
Agricultural worker
Farmer
37) Respondent’s employer:
State enterprise: factory
State enterprise: shop, commerce
Police, military
State health, educ
Private employee
Private sector: part owner
Self-employed
Collective farm
Independent - farmer
Other
38) How likely do you think it is that your place of work will be privatized?
Never state-owned
Already privatized
Very likely
Fairly likely
Little chance
Definitely not
Don’t know
39) If your employer is privatized, do you think this will make your job:
Better
Worse
No difference
Don’t know
40) Would you say that people at your place of work are often not doing anything
useful or producing anything?
Often
Sometimes
Occasionally
Never
Don’t know
41) If answer is often, sometimes or occasionally: Is that because: (more
than one answer permitted; % answering yes)
Shortage of
materials, goods
People are lazy
More people than
enterprise really needs
No orders
Don’t know
42) How satisfied are you with your job?
Very satisfied
Fairly satisfied
Fairly dissatisfied
Very dissatisfied
Don’t know
43) Besides your pay, do you get any of these benefits as part of your job?
(more than one positive answer permitted)
Food, meals
Housing
Consumer goods
Care for children
Holiday facilities
Medical care
None
ASK all those not employed
44) What is/ was the occupation of the head of your household?
Professional, manager
Trained supervisor
Trained non- manual without subordinates
Routine non-manual
Skilled manual
Unskilled manual
Agricultural worker
Farmer
45) What is/ was the employer of the head of household?
State enterprise: factory
State enterprise: shop, commerce
Civil service, military
State health sector, education
Private sector: employee
Private sector: part-owner
Self-employed
Collective farm
Independent farmer
Other
EVERYONE SHOULD ANSWER:
46) Altogether, how many people in your household have a regular job?
None
1
2
3
More than 3
47) Currently, do you and your family earn enough from regular work in the
official economy to buy what your household really needs?
Definitely yes
Just enough
Not quite enough
Definitely not
Don’t know
B) SECOND JOB
48) Do you have another job in which you sometimes earn money?: (More than
one positive answer permitted)
State enterprise
Registered private enterprise
Unregistered - private enterprise
Registered self- employed
Unregistered self-employed
‘Hand-in-hand’ work
Trading goods
Other
49) About how many hours a week do you work at this job?
1-4
5-8
9-12
13-16
17-20
21-24
25-30
31-40
40+
50) Altogether, how many people in your household have a second job?
None
1
2
3+
C) HOUSEHOLD, FAMILY PRODUCTION
51) Does your household have any land where you grow food?
Yes
No
IF YES
52) How long does it take to get to this land?
No time, by house
Up to 15 minutes
30 minutes
1 hour
Several hours
or more
53) About how much time do you and/or other members of your household spend
growing food during the season?
Several hours
a day
Several times
a week
Weekends
Less often
54) Does your family sometimes sell this food in the free market?
Often
Sometimes
Occasionally
Never
55) How much of your food has your family raised in the past year?
Most of what we need
Some
Not very much
None
IF NO LAND:
56) Do you sometimes help relatives or friends grow food on their land?
Yes
No
IF HELPS OTHERS GROW FOOD:
57) How long does it take to get to this land?
No time, by house
Up to 15 minutes
30 minutes
1 hour
Several hours
or more
58) About how much time do you and/or other members of your household spend
growing food during the season?
Several hours a day
Several times a week
Weekends
Less often
59) Does your family sometimes sell this food in the free market?
Often
Sometimes
Occasionally
Never
60) How much of your food has your family raised in the past year?
Most of what we need
Some
Not very much
None
EVERYONE SHOULD ANSWER:
61) About how much time do you spend on average each day standing in queues
or searching in shops for what you want to buy?
Not my task
Up to 30 minutes
About one hour
One to two hours
More than two hours a day
62) Before price liberalization, did you spend more or less time standing
in queues or searching for goods?
More than now
The same
Less time
Don’t know
63) Altogether, about how much time do all the members of your family spend
on average each day standing in queues or searching in shops for what you
want to buy?
Up to 30 minutes
About one hour
One to two hours
More than two
hours a day
HOUSING
64) Is your home:
Multi-story flat with elevator
Low-rise flat
House: Single family or two families
Hostel, dormitory
Other
65) Is your home owned by:
State, local council
Family
Privately rented
Cooperative
Employer
66) Do you or anyone in your household spend any time making repairs to your
home or building any additions?
None
Seldom
Sometimes
Often
67) How many rooms does your house have?
1
2
3
4
5
6+
D) SOCIAL EXCHANGE OF GOODS AND SERVICES
68) Do you or other members of your household help friends or relatives to
repair their house, grow food, queuing, look after children, etc?
Yes, often
Yes, sometimes
Seldom
Never
69) Do friends or relatives ever help members of your household with things
such as repairing the house, growing food, queuing, looking after children,
etc?
Yes, often
Yes, sometimes
Seldom
Never
Q. Do you agree or disagree with the following opinions?:
70) A husband’s job is to earn money and a wife’s job is to look
after the home and family
Strongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Don’t know
71) It should not make a big difference to a man whether his boss at work
is a woman or a man.
Strongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Don’t know
72) Being a housewife and looking after the family is just as satisfying as
working for money
Strongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Don’t know
E) ALLOCATION THROUGH CONNECTIONS
In this society it often helps to have connections with people who can do
things for you.
73) In the last year or two, have you or anyone in your household used a connection
to get things you couldn’t get in the ordinary way, such as medicine,
consumer goods, something for the children at school, etc?
Yes
No
74) Is it usually expensive?
Very expensive
Fairly expensive
Doesn’t cost
much
Do not pay
75) In your regular job, are you sometimes asked to do special favours for
other people through acquaintances?
Yes
No
IF YES:
76) Do people offer you money to do favours?
Often
Occasionally
Never
77) In the past year have you bought things in this country with a foreign
currency?
Yes
No
78) Do you have any friends who have been able to buy things with foreign
currency in the past year?
Yes
No
79) Which is the most important for the standard of living of you and your
family today?
Growing own food, repair house
What we get through connections
What we get with help of friends, relatives
Use of foreign currency
Earnings from second job, own business
Getting paid for doing favours
Earnings from regular job
Pension, unemployment benefit
Benefits at place of work
None of these
80) And second most important?
Growing own food, repair house
What we get through connections
What we get with help of friends, relatives
Use of foreign currency
Earnings from second job, own business
Getting paid for doing favours
Earnings from regular job
Pension, unemployment benefit
Benefits at place of work
None of these
81) In the past year, has your household:
Saved money
We just make ends meet
Spent savings
Borrowed money from friends, relatives
Spent savings and borrowed
Don’t know
82) How long will be it before you have reached a standard of living with
which you are content?
1-2 years
3-5 years
6-10 years
More than 10 years
Never
Already content
Don’t know
III. ECONOMIC EVALUATIONS, ASPIRATIONS
IF EMPLOYED
Q. In the past year or two, have you done any of the following to improve
your economic situation? (If answer is no, how likely is it that you would
do this in the next year?)
83) Start a business, shop
Have done
Very likely
Likely
Not very likely
Not at all likely
Don’t know
84) Become an independent farmer
Have done
Very likely
Likely
Not very likely
Not at all likely
Don’t know
85) Get a job in another city
Have done
Very likely
Likely
Not very likely
Not at all likely
Don’t know
86) Get a job in another country
Have done
Very likely
Likely
Not very likely
Not at all likely
Don’t know
87) Work overtime at my regular job
Have done
Very likely
Likely
Not very likely
Not at all likely
Don’t know
88) Get a job in second unofficial economy
Have done
Very likely
Likely
Not very likely
Not at all likely
Don’t know
89) Learn a new skill
Have done
Very likely
Likely
Not very likely
Not at all likely
Don’t know
90) Get a job with a different employer
Have done
Very likely
Likely
Not very likely
Not at all likely
Don’t know
Number of actions to improve living standards (qq.83-90)
None
1
2
3
4
5+
Q. Here are statements people sometimes make about their work. Can you tell
me whether you agree or disagree:
91) Too old to change what I do
Strongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Don’t know
92) At my place of work, things are so messed up there is no point in trying
to change anything
Strongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Don’t know
93) No point in seeking a new job; there is no work around here
Strongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Don’t know
94) A new job wouldn’t pay any more money
Strongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Don’t know
Q. Here is a list of different characteristics of a job. Which do you personally
think are most important?
95) Interesting work
Very important
Fairly important
Not very
important
Not at all
important
Don’t know -
96) Good holidays
Very important
Fairly important
Not very
important
Not at all
important
Don’t know
97) Gives me a sense of achievement
Very important
Fairly important
Not very
important
Not at all
important
Don’t know
98) Not too much pressure
Very important
Fairly important
Not very
important
Not at all
important
Don’t know
99) Makes good use of my abilities
Very important
Fairly important
Not very
important
Not at all
important
Don’t know
100) Convenient hours, location
Very important
Fairly important
Not very
important
Not at all
important
Don’t know -
101) Good pay
Very important
Fairly important
Not very
important
Not at all
important
Don’t know -
102) Secure job, not much risk of unemployment
Very important
Fairly important
Not very
important
Not at all
important
Don’t know
EVERYONE ANSWERS
103) All in all, how do you rate the economic situation of your family today?
Very satisfactory
Fairly
satisfactory
Not very
satisfactory
Very
unsatisfactory
Don’t know
104) How does it compare with five years ago?
Much better
A little better
Much the same
A little worse
A lot worse
Don’t know
105) What do you think your economic situation will be in five years time?
Much better
A little better
Much the same
A little worse
A lot worse
Don’t know
106) Do you prefer an economy in which government guarantees work for all
and determines what shops can sell and sets all the prices.
OR
An economy in which everyone is free to seek whatever job he or she likes,
and shops offer whatever people want to buy and set their own prices.
State
Market
Don’t know
Q. Here is a scale ranking how well an economy works. The top, plus 100, is
the best and the bottom, minus 100, is the worst. Where would you put on this
scale:
107) The economic system in this country five years ago
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
Don’t know
108) Our present economic system.
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
Don’t know
109) Our economic system in five years time
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
Don’t know
Q. And on this same scale, where would you place the economic system in Russia:
110) Before perestroika a few years ago
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
Don’t know
111) Today
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
Don’t know
112) In five years time
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
Don’t know
IV. ATTITUDES TO GOVERNMENT
Q. Here are some statements made about the rules that should determine how
the country is governed. Do you agree or not that:
113) The President should have the power to suspend Parliament and rule by
decree if he thinks this necessary.
Strongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Don’t know
l14) A Commission of Experts should be established to make major decisions
about the economy rather than having decisions made by politicians.
Strongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Don’t know
l15) The Parliament should have the power to reject decisions of the (President/
government) that it thinks are wrong
Strongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Don’t know
ESTONIA ONLY:
116) The President should have the right to intervene in the goverment’s
treatment of important political problems
Strongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Don’t know
117) Who should make the final decision in the case of a dispute between the
government and Parliament about an important problem?
President
Constitutional
court
Early election
of the Parliament
Don’t know
LATVIA AND LITHUANIA ONLY:
117LL) In the case of dispute between the President and the Parliament, the
Constitutional Court should make the final decision.
Strongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Don’t know
118) Which of these is the most important duty of a Member of Parliament?
Act together with
his or her party
Represent the
interests of local district
Vote as
individual
Don’t know
119) Do you think that important changes in the Constitution should require
approval by a special vote, say, two-thirds of Members of Parliament?
Strongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Don’t know
120) Which of these statements best fits your views of who should have the
right to vote in elections to Parliament?
Pre-1940 citizens and their families
Everyone
born here
Residents of more than ten years
Everyone here at independence
Any former
Soviet citizen now living here
Don’t know
121) How strongly do you hold this view:
Very strongly
Fairly strongly
Can see
arguments for different views
Don’t care much
Q) Here is a scale for ranking how the government works. The top, plus 100,
is the best; at the bottom, minus 100, is the worst.
122) Where on this scale would you put the system of government we had before
independence, when this country was part of the Soviet Union?
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
Don’t know
123) Where on this scale would you put our present system of governing?
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
Don’t know
124) Where on this scale would you put the system of governing we will have
in five years?
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
Don’t know
RUSSIAN-SPEAKERS ONLY:
And on this same scale, where would you place:
125) The Soviet system of government before perestroika?
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
Don’t know
126) The present Russian system of governing?
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
Don’t know
127) The system of governing that Russia will have in five years?
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
Don’t know
128) Generally speaking, how much interest do you usually have in what’s
going on in politics?
A good deal
Some
Not much
None
Q. Would you say that our current system is better, much the same, or worse
than the old Soviet system in allowing people to:
129) Say whatever they think
Better
Much the same
Worse
Don’t know
130) Travel and choose to live where one wants in the country
Better
Much the same
Worse
Don’t know
131) Go abroad or live abroad if one wishes
Better
Much the same
Worse
Don’t know
132) Join any organization they want
Better
Much the same
Worse
Don’t know
133) Decide whether or not to take part in activities of political parties
Better
Much the same
Worse
Don’t know
134) Live without fear of unlawful arrest
Better
Much the same
Worse
Don’t know
135) Decide whether or not to believe in God
Better
Much the same
Worse
Don’t know
136) Protecting rights of Lithuanians/Latvians/ Estonians
Better
Much the same
Worse
Don’t know
137) Protecting rights of Russians in this country
Better
Much the same
Worse
Don’t know
Number of rights better in current system (Qq.129-137)
None
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Q. How much do you trust the following institutions or groups?:
138) Lithuanian/Latvian/Estonian Army
A lot
Some
A little
None
Don’t know
139) Parliament
A lot
Some
A little
None
Don’t know
140) Church
A lot
Some
A little
None
Don’t know
141) Police
A lot
Some
A little
None
Don’t know
142) President
A lot
Some
A little
None
Don’t know
143) Trade unions
A lot
Some
A little
None
Don’t know
144) State security service
A lot
Some
A little
None
Don’t know
145) Political parties
A lot
Some
A little
None
Don’t know
146) Television
A lot
Some
A little
None
Don’t know
147) Local government
A lot
Some
A little
None
Don’t know
148) Courts, judicial powers
A lot
Some
A little
None
Don’t know
149) Schools
A lot
Some
A little
None
Don’t know
Q. People disagree about whether or not we can make firm judgements about
how the new system of government works. Which statement comes nearest your
own?
150) It will take years for government to deal with problems inherited from
Communists
OR
If the new system of government can’t produce results soon, then we
should try some other system of government.
Time
New system
Don’t know
Q. Do you think any of the following are a threat to peace and security in
this country?
151) The Russian state
Definitely
Possibly
Probably not
Definitely not
Don’t know
152) Other former Soviet republics
Definitely
Possibly
Probably not
Definitely not
Don’t know
153) Rising prices
Definitely
Possibly
Probably not
Definitely not
Don’t know
154) Germany
Definitely
Possibly
Probably not
Definitely not
Don’t know
155) Criminals
Definitely
Possibly
Probably not
Definitely not
Don’t know
156) Conflicts between Estonians/Latvians/Lithuanians and Russians living
here
Definitely
Possibly
Probably not
Definitely not
Don’t know
157) Refugees, immigrants
Definitely
Possibly
Probably not
Definitely not
Don’t know
158) Would you say that the government treats Estonians/Latvians/ Lithuanians
fairly?
Definitely agree
Agree
Disagree
Definitely
disagree
Don’t know
159) Would you say that the government treats Russians who live in this country
fairly?
Definitely agree
Agree
Disagree
Definitely
disagree
Don’t know
Q. If there was a protest demonstration in the streets about problems facing
the government, how likely is it that you would take part in a demonstration
about:
160) Political situation
Very likely
Maybe
Unlikely
Definitely not
Don’t know
161) Rising prices
Very likely
Maybe
Unlikely
Definitely not
Don’t know
162) Unemployment, closing of factories
Very likely
Maybe
Unlikely
Definitely not
Don’t know
163) Who should be a citizen
Very likely
Maybe
Unlikely
Definitely not
Don’t know
164) Some people think this country would be better governed if parliament
were suspended and we
did not have lots of political parties. How likely do you think this would
be to happen in this country in the next few years?
Very likely
Maybe
Not very likely
Not at all likely
Don’t know
165) If Parliament were suspended and parties banned, would you approve or
disapprove?
Approve
Disapprove
Don’t know
166) Some people say that a strong leader can do more for our country than
all the discussions in
Parliament. Would you:
Definitely agree
Somewhat agree
Somewhat
disagree
Definitely
disagree
Don’t know
Q. We often hear people talking about different values. How important are
the following to you?
167) Christianity
Very important
Somewhat
Not very
Not at all
Don’t know
168) National unity
Very important
Somewhat
Not very
Not at all
Don’t know
169) Freedom
Very important
Somewhat
Not very
Not at all
Don’t know -
170) Order in society
Very important
Somewhat
Not very
Not at all
Don’t know
171) The market/ capitalism
Very important
Somewhat
Not very
Not at all
Don’t know
172) Socialism
Very important -
Somewhat
Not very
Not at all
Don’t know
173) This country
Very important
Somewhat
Not very
Not at all
Don’t know
RUSSIAN-SPEAKERS ONLY:
174) One and indivisible Russia
Very important
Somewhat important
Not very important
Not at all
Don’t know
Party Commitment
Estonia
Democratic
Union
Democratic
Labor
Entrepreneurs’
Centre
Estonian
Citizen
Coalition
Rural Centre
Rural Union
National
Independence
Estonian
Greens
Royalist
Social
Democratic
Union of
Pensioners
Farmers’
Fatherland
Russian
Democratic
Other
Don’t know
Latvia
Fatherland and
Freedom
Latvian Peasants
Latvian Popular Front
Green List
Latvian National
Independence
Democratic Centre
Latvian Democratic
Labour
Christian Democrats
Latvian Happiness
Russian National
Democratic List
Concord for Latvia
Equality
Latvian Way
Other
Don’t know
Lithuania
Democratic Labour
Union of Homeland
Sajudis
Christian Democrats
Social Democrats
Democrats Party
Centrist Union
Other
Don’t know
177) How close do you feel to this party?
Very close
Somewhat
Not very close
No party
178) Is there any party on this list that you would never vote for, or (if
Russian) that you would never favour? (More than one answer permitted)
Estonia
Democratic
Union
Democratic
Labor
Entrepreneurs’
Centre
Estonian
Citizen
Coalition
Liberal-
Democratic
Rural Centre
Rural Union
National
Independence
Estonian
Greens
Royalist
Social
Democratic
Union of
Pensioners
Farmers’
Fatherland
Russian
Democratic
Other
Don’t know
Latvia
Fatherland and
Freedom
Our Land
Latvian Liberal
Latvian Peasants
Conservatives and
Peasants Coalition
Republican Platform
Liberal Alliance
Latvian Popular Front
Green List
Independence Union
Latvian National
Independence
Democratic Centre
Latvian Social 62
Democratic Labour
Latvian Democratic
Labour
Christian Democrats
Latvian Unity
Latvian Happiness
Russian National
Democratic
Concord for Latvia
League of Economic
Activity
Equality
Latvian Way
Anti-Communist Union
Don’t know
Lithuania
Democratic Labour
Union of Homeland
Sajudis
Christian Democrats
Social Democrats
Democrats Party
Centrist Union
Union of Liberals
National Union
Don’t know
V. COLLECTIVE IDENTITIES
A) OWN IDENTITY
179) Which of these terms best describes how you usually think of yourself?
City/locality
Region
Baltic nationality
Polish
Russian
Belorussian
Ukrainian
European
Soviet
Other
180) And do you sometimes think of yourself as a member of any other group?
Which one?
City/locality
Region
Baltic nationality
Polish
Russian
Belorussian
Ukrainian
European
Soviet
Other
181) What language did you speak at home when you were a child?
Lithuanian
Latvian
Estonian
Russian
Polish
Belorussian
Ukrainian
Other
182) In what other languages can you now carry on a conversation? (More than
one answer permitted)
Estonian/
Latvian/Lithuanian
Russian
Polish
Finnish
English
German
Other
183) Were you born in this state?
Yes
No
184) If not, where were you born?
(Born here)
Other two
Baltic states
Russia
Siberia
Belarus
Ukraine
Other former
Soviet republic
Other
185) How old are you?
18-29
30-59
60+
186) How many years have you lived in this state?
1-5
6-20
11-20
21+
Q. In the past twelve months, have you been in any of the following countries
for the following reasons:
187) Estonia
Work
Vacation
Visit relatives
Not visited
188) Latvia
Work
Vacation
Visit relatives
Not visited
Lithuania
Work
Vacation
Visit relatives -
Not visited
189) Russia
Work
Vacation
Visit relatives
Not visited
190) Belarus
Work
Vacation
Visit relatives
Not visited
191) Other former Soviet republic
Work
Vacation
Visit relatives
Not visited
192) Poland
Work
Vacation
Visit relatives
Not visited
193) Finland
Work
Vacation
Visit relatives
Not visited
194) Scandinavia
Work
Vacation
Visit relatives
Not visited
195) Western Europe
Work
Vacation
Visit relatives
Not visited
196) Other country
Work
Vacation
Visit relatives
Not visited
Q. People usually feel they have more in common with some groups than others
in a society. Could you look at this list and tell me how much you have in
common with each of these groups:
197) University educated people
Great deal
Some
Not much
Nothing
Don’t know
198) Workers
Great deal
Some
Not much
Nothing
Don’t know
199) Russians
Great deal
Some
Not much
Nothing
Don’t know
200) Major religion
Great deal
Some
Not much
Nothing
Don’t know
201) Communists
Great deal
Some
Not much
Nothing
Don’t know
202) Businessmen
Great deal
Some
Not much
Nothing
Don’t know
203) State nationality: Estonian/ Lithuanian/ Latvian
Great deal
Some
Not much
Nothing
Don’t know
204) People who don’t have much money
Great deal
Some
Not much
Nothing
Don’t know
205) How would you describe current relations between your nationality and
the main opposite nationality? (Estonian/Latvian/Lithuanian and Russian)
Very good
Good
Not very good
Bad
Don’t know
RUSSIAN-SPEAKERS ONLY:
Q. Here are statements that some Russian-speakers make about life in this
country since independence. Can you tell me whether or not you agree?
206) People like us should not be made to learn a Baltic language
Strongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Don’t know
207) Conditions for people like me in Russia are worse than here
Strongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Don’t know
208) Non-citizens and minority nationalities are being badly treated here
Strongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Don’t know
209) This country offers better chances for improving living standards in
future than does Russia
Strongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Don’t know
210) I would rather live in a Socialist society
Strongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Don’t know
ASK ALL ESTONIANS, LATVIANS, AND LITHUANIAN RUSSIANS:
211) Where was your father born?
Lithuania
Latvia
Estonia
Russia
Belarus
Ukraine
Other Soviet
Republic
Poland
Other
212) Where was your mother born?
Lithuania
Latvia
Estonia
Russia
Belarus
Ukraine
Other Soviet
Republic
Poland
Other
213) How many close relatives do you have where your parent(s) were born?
A lot
Some
A few
None
214) If you had to do so, could you find a place to live where you (or your
parents) were born?
Definitely
Probably
Not very likely
Definitely not
Don’t know
215) If you had to do so, could you find a place to live somewhere in Russia?
Definitely
Probably
Not very likely
Definitely not
Don’t know
BALTIC NATIONALITIES ONLY:
216) Some people say that when jobs are scarce, employers give priority to
persons of your nationality rather than to Russians and others. Would you:
Strongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Don’t know
Q. During World War II and afterwards, many families in this country suffered
greatly. Did anyone in your family suffer? (more than one answer permitted)
217) Deported
Yes
No
218) Imprisoned
Yes
No
219) Executed, perished
Yes
No
Suffering
Deported
Imprisoned
Executed
Deported,
imprisoned
Deported
executed
Imprisoned
executed
All three
None
VI. SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS
221) Are you:
Married
Single, never
married
Live together
but not married
Divorced,
separated
Widow/Widower
222) How many adults age 18 or over live in this household?
1
2
3
4
5+
Q. And how many children live here:
223) Under the age of 7
1
2
3
4+
224) Age 7 to 18
1
2
3
4
5
6+
Number of persons in household
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8+
225) Who is mainly responsible for domestic duties in the household
I am
Spouse
Mother
Daughter
Father, son
Work shared
fairly
Other person -
226) How old were you when you completed fulltime schooling?
15 or less
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24+
227) Highest educational qualification
Doctorate
University
degree
Vocational
school
Secondary
school
Technical
school
Incomplete
secondary
None
228) What is your official nationality?
Lithuanian
Latvian
Estonian
Polish
Russian
Belorussian
Ukrainian
Other
229) What is your citizenship?
Lithuanian
Latvian
Estonian
Soviet
Russian
Other Soviet
republic
Other
Uncertain; I do
not have a passport
230) As for religion, do you consider yourself an atheist or a believer?:
Atheist
Catholic
Orthodox
Lutheran
Other
Believer without
a particular church
Difficult to give
a definite answer
IF NOT AN ATHEIST:
231) How often do you go to church?
At least once
a week
Once a month
Few times a year
Very rarely
Never
Not asked
Q. People differ in what they believe. Do you agree or disagree with the following
statements?
232) There is a devil
Strongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Don’t know
233) Miracle stories in the Bible did not really happen
Strongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Don’t know
234) Everything that happens must be accepted as God’s will
Strongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Don’t know
235) There is no life after death
Strongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Don’t know
Q) Does your household have:
236) A car?
Yes
No
237) A telephone?
Yes
No
238) Colour television?
Yes
No
239) A house, dacha or allotment in country?
Yes
No
Number of consumer goods (sum of Qq.236-239)
None
1
2
3
4
240) Do you have any relatives or close friends living in the West?
None
One or two
A lot
241) In the past month, what was your income?
242) And what was the average income for each family member during the last
month? Please add
together the salaries of all the family members, scholarships, pension, compensation
for price
increases, unemployment benefits and other income, and then divide the total
by the number of family
members
243) Compared to other households in this country, would you say your standard
of living is:
Above average
Average
Below average
Q. In the past year, has your household sometimes had to forego:
244) Food products?
Often
Sometimes
Rarely
Never
245) Heating, electricity?
Often
Sometimes
Rarely
Never
246) Clothes or shoes you really needed?
Often
Sometimes
Rarely
Never
247) Petrol for car?
Often
Sometimes
Rarely
Never
248) Something the children really needed?
Often
Sometimes
Rarely
Never
249) Respondent is:
Female
Male
251) Place of interview is: (Official administrative status)
Capital city
Republican
subordinate cities
Regional capitals
Little towns
Villages
252) Population of place of interview:
Capital city
100,000-500,000
50-100,000
20,000-50,000
5,000-20,000
Rural, village
253) Russian-speakers as % of local district’s population
Less than 5%
5-20%
21-33
34-45
45--55
More than 55%
254) Polish-speakers as % of local district’s population
No more than 5%
5-20%
More than 55%