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New Baltic Barometer IV Questionnaire

A) EMPLOYMENT
A1. What is your current employment situation? (Show card)
Employed
Self-employed
Holding job temp. absent
Pensioner and employed
Pensioner not employed
Unemployed no state benefit
Unemployed with benefit
Housewife
Student, working
Student, not working
Not working, disabled

IF EMPLOYED:
A2. Respondent's employer:
State budgetary org.
State enterprise
Privatized, ex-state owned
New private enterprise
Foreign owned firm
Own business, employ others
Self-employed
Other

A3. How many hours did you work last week?

A3JOB. What is your occupation?
Director, enterprise leader
Trained supervisor
Trained non-manual without
subordinates
Routine non-manual
Skilled manual
Unskilled manual
Agricultural worker
Self-employed farmer
Other

A4. Which branch of the economy do you work in?
Agriculture, etc
Mining or quarrying
Manufacturing
Construction
Electricity, gas and water
Transport, comm.
Wholesale, retail trade
Hotels, restaurants, etc.
Education, health, social
Financial services
Other services
Private households
Armed forces, police
Other

A5. In the past month, how much did you earn from your main job?
Litas Lat Kroon

A6A. In the past year, have you sometimes received wages at least a month late?
Yes
IF YES

A6A-K. How many months did this happen?
One
Two
Three
More than three

A6B. In the past year, have you sometimes not received your wages at all?
Yes

A7. How long have you held your current job (years)?
Up to one year
Two
Three
Four
Five
Six
Seven
Eight
Nine
Ten or more

A8. How did you find this job?
A8.1 Official employ bureau
A8.2 Private employ bureau
A8.3 By assignment
A8.4 Passed an exam
A8.5 Family or friends
A8.6 Newspaper advert
A8.7 Approached employer
A8.8 Offered a present
or payment to manager
A8.9 Other

A9. At your place of work, what language is usually spoken?
Baltic language
Baltic and other
Baltic and Russian
Russian
Russian and other
Other

A9ES. What languages do you need in your everyday work?
A9ES.1 Estonian
A9ES.2 Russian
A9ES.3 English
A9ES.4 German
A9ES.5 Finnish
A9ES.6 Swedish
A9ES.7 Other

A10. (Lithuania) Could you hold a job where knowledge of Lithuanian was needed? (Latvia): a knowledge of (other language) was needed.
Yes, definitely
Yes, with difficulty
No, don't know the language
No, don't want to learn language

A11A. If a well paying job for which you were qualified was advertised in (other language) would you apply?
Yes
Unsure, it depends
No

A12. Are you worried about the possibility of losing your job?
Yes, very
Yes, somewhat
Not much
Not at all

ASKED ALL ESTONIAN RESPONDENTS
A12ESA. (Estonia only) In the past ten years have you been.....?
A12ESA.1 Seriously in danger of losing your job?
Yes, more than once
Yes, only once
No
Difficult to answer

A12ESA.2 Refused a job when you applied for it?
Yes, more than once
Yes, only once
No
Difficult to answer

A12ESA.3 Unwilling to apply for a suitable job because it would make no difference- they wouldn't hire you for the job.
Yes, more than once
Yes, only once
No
Difficult to answer

IN THE LABOUR FORCE
In the past 12 months have you been .....?
A12ESA.4 Seriously in danger of losing your job?
Yes, more than once
Yes, only once
No
Difficult to answer

A12ESA.5 Refused a job when you applied for it?
Yes, more than once
Yes, only once
No
Difficult to answer

A12ESA.6 Unwilling to apply for a suitable job because it would make no difference-they wouldn't hire you for the job.
Yes, more than once
Yes, only once
No
Difficult to answer

A13. During the past year have you been unemployed?
Yes
No

If YES: Months unemployed
One month
Two months
Three months
Four months
Five months
Six months
Seven months
Eight months
Nine months
Ten months
Eleven months
Twelve months

A14. Have you done or thought about doing any of the following to improve your economic situation in the past year?
A14.1 Learned a new skill
Have done
Likely
Unlikely
Definitely not
No answer

A14.2 Worked overtime at regular job.
Have done
Likely
Unlikely
Definitely not

A14.3 Became self-employed
Have done
Likely
Unlikely
Definitely not
No answer

A14.4 Started a business or open a shop
Have done
Likely
Unlikely
Definitely not
No answer

A14.5 Tried to find a job with better employer
Have done
Likely
Unlikely
Definitely not
No answer

A15. Here are statements people sometimes make about their place of work. To what extent to you agree or disagree?
A15.1 Too old to do anything different
Completely agree
Somewhat agree
Somewhat disagree
Completely disagree

A15.2 A new job wouldn't pay any more money
Completely agree
Somewhat agree
Somewhat disagree
Completely disagree
Difficult to answer

A15.3 Content with what I have
Completely agree
Somewhat agree
Somewhat disagree
Completely disagree

A15.4 No point in seeking a new job, no work around here
Completely agree
Somewhat agree
Somewhat disagree
Completely disagree

A16. Are you satisfied with your job?
Very satisfied
Somewhat satisfied
Not very satisfied
Not satisfied at all

ASK ALL
V1. In 1990, when this country was part of the Soviet Union, what was your principal activity?
Too young to work
Employed
Self-employed
Pensioner, employed
Pensioner, not working
Unemployed
Housewife
Student, working
Student, not working
Not working - disabled
Other
IF EMPLOYED IN 1990
V2. Respondent's employer:
State budgetary organization
State enterprise
Private
Self-employed
Other

V3. Which branch of the economy were you working in then?
Agriculture, etc
Mining or quarrying
Manufacturing
Construction
Electricity, gas and water
Transport, comm.
Wholesale, retail trade
Hotels, restaurants, etc.
Education, health, social
Financial services
Other services
Private households
Armed forces, police
Other

V4EST. What was your occupation?
Director, enterprise leader
Trained supervisor
Trained non-manual without
subordinates
Routine non-manual
Skilled manual
Unskilled manual
Agricultural worker
Self-employed farmer
Other

EMPLOYED ONLY
A8ES. How important are each of the following circumstances for the achievement of success in Estonia now? (Very important, fairly important)
A8ES.1 Coming from a well-to-do family
Very important
Fairly important
A8ES.2 A good education
Very important
Fairly important
A8ES.3 Diligent, reliable work
Very important
Fairly important
A8ES.4 Connections, acquaintances
Very important
Fairly important
A8ES.5 Aptitude and talent
Very important
Fairly important
A8ES.6 Political convictions
Very important
Fairly important
A8ES.7 Professional knowledge, skills
Very important
Fairly important
A8Es.8 Willingness to take risks
Very important
Fairly important
A8ES.9 Knowledge of the Estonian language
Very important
Fairly important
A8ES.10 Knowledge of a foreign language
Very important
Fairly important
A8ES.11 Enterprise, activism
Very important
Fairly important
A8ES.12 Ability to cooperate
Very important
Fairly important
A8ES.13 Sense of responsibility
Very important
Fairly important
A8ES.14 Readiness for change
Very important
Fairly important
A8ES.15 Estonian citizenship
Very important
Fairly important
A8ES.16 Permanent residency
Very important
Fairly important
A8ES.17 Social Skills
Very important
Fairly important
A8ES.18 Wealth
Very important
Fairly important
A8ES.19 National belonging
Very important
Fairly important

A12ES. How much of your work corresponds to your.....
A12ES.1 Education level
Wholly corresponds
Partly corresponds
Partly doesn't correspond
Doesn't correspond at all

A12ES.2 Educational training, speciality
Wholly corresponds
Partly corresponds
Partly doesn't correspond
Doesn't correspond at all

A12ES.3 Capabilities
Wholly corresponds
Partly corresponds
Partly doesn't correspond
Doesn't correspond at all

A12ES.4 Experience
Wholly corresponds
Partly corresponds
Partly doesn't correspond
Doesn't correspond at all

A12ES-0. Could you find an acceptable new job.....?
A12ES-01 Near to your home or work
Yes, of course
Probably yes
Probably not
Of course not
Difficult to say

A12ES-02 In another part of Estonia
Yes, of course
Probably yes
Probably not
Of course not
Difficult to say

A12ES-03 In Russia
Yes, of course
Probably yes
Probably not
Of course not
Difficult to say

A12ES-04 In another foreign country
Yes, of course
Probably yes
Probably not
Of course not
Difficult to say

A13AEST. Have you been unemployed in the past 10 years
Yes
No
IF YES
A13AEST2. How many months? (Median)

B) ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
B1A. What language would you encourage a young person to learn (if he does not already know it) to get ahead in their work?
B1A.1 Baltic Language/Russian
Definitely
Could be useful
Not very useful
Useless

B1A.2 English
Definitely
Could be useful
Not very useful
Useless

B1A.3 German
Definitely
Could be useful
Not very useful
Useless

B1A.4 Swedish
Definitely
Could be useful
Not very useful
Useless
Difficult to answer


B1A.5/B1A.6 Polish (Lithuania)/Finnish (Estonia)
Definitely
Could be useful
Not very useful
Useless

B1ESA. What is your knowledge of Russian/Estonian?
B1ESA.1 Understand spoken language
Good
Average
Weak
None

B1ESA.2 Can read
Good
Average
Weak
None

B1ESA.3 Can converse
Good
Average
Weak
None

B1ESA.4 Can write
Good
Average
Weak
None

B2. Do you and your family earn enough from regular work in the official economy to buy what your household really needs?
Definitely enough
Just enough
Not quite enough
Definitely not enough

B3. In the past year, has your family:
Saved money
Just got by
Spent some savings
Borrowed money
Spent savings and borrowed

Coping
Coping with job
With portfolio
Not getting by

B4. Sometimes people have to do without things that people usually have. In the past 12 months, has your household sometimes had to do without:
B4.1 Food
Often
Sometimes
Rarely
Never

B4.2 Heating, electricity
Often
Sometimes
Rarely
Never

B4.3 Clothes you really needed
Often
Sometimes
Rarely
Never

B4-Est. Please look on the card and tell me which answer reflects accurately the economic situation of your family?
Not enough money for food.
Money for food, not for clothes
Food, clothes, a little savings
Food, clothes, some expensive purchases
Buy all that we desire

B5. How long will it take to reach a standard of living with which you are content?
1-2 years
3-5 years
6-10 years
More than 10 years
Never
Don't know
Already content

B6. Here is a scale for ranking how the economy works. The top, plus 100, is the best; at the bottom, minus 100, is the worst. (Show card).
B6A. Where on this scale would you put the socialist economy before independence?
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 (Neutral)
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
Difficult to say/No answer

B6B. Where on this scale would you put our present economic system?
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 (Neutral)
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
Difficult to say/No answer

B6C. Where would you put our economic system in five years time?
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 (Neutral)
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
Difficult to say/no answer

B7. As far as your household is concerned, overall, how do you rate its economic situation today?
Very satisfactory
Fairly satisfactory
Not very satisfactory
Very unsatisfactory

B8. Would you say that as far as your household is concerned, the situation now compared with five years ago is:
Much better
A little better
About the same
A little worse
A lot worse

B9. What do you think the economic situation of your household will be in five years time?
Much better
A little better
About the same
A little worse
A lot worse
Difficult to say

B10-1. Could you borrow as much as a week's wage or pension from a bank?
Definitely yes
Probably
Probably not
Definitely no
Difficult to answer

B10-2. Could you borrow as much as a week's wage or pension from a friend or relative?
Definitely yes
Probably
Probably not
Definitely no

B11. On this card are pairs of alternatives. Please tell me for each pair do you definitely agree or somewhat agree?
B11.A A good job is one that is secure even if it doesn't pay very much
Definitely agree
Somewhat agree
OR A good job pays good money even if it risks unemployment
Definitely agree
Somewhat agree

B11.B It is better to have lots of goods in the shops even if the prices are high
Definitely agree
Somewhat agree
OR It is better when prices are kept low by the state even though there are often few goods in the shops
Definitely agree
Somewhat agree
Difficult to say, don't know

ASK RUSSIAN SPEAKERS ONLY:
And on this same scale, where would you place the economic system in Russia:
B12X. Before perestroika a few years ago
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 (Neutral)
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
Difficult to say/No answer

B12Y. Today
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 (Neutral)
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
Difficult to say, No answer

B12Z. In five years time
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 (Neutral)
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
Difficult to say, No answer

ESTONIA ONLY
K99. Tell me please, which are now the principal sources and the most important source of your family income now (ten years past)?

Relevant /Most impt.
Now /Past)
.A Salary
.B Self-employment
.C Second job
.D Pension
.E Social benefit
.F Benefit for children
.G Help from relatives
.H Making things for sale
.I Selling own produce
.J Dividends from savings
.K Leasing property
.L Other

C) INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
C1. What do you think of the idea of this country joining the European Union?
Strongly in favour
Somewhat in favour
Somewhat opposed
Strongly opposed
Difficult to say

C2. What do you think would be the most likely consequences of our country joining the European Union? Do you think EU-membership would have positive effects, negative effects, bring no changes at all, or you don't know?
C2.A Political stability
Positive effects
Negative effects
Will bring no changes
Don't know

C2.B Consumer prices
Positive effects
Negative effects
Will bring no changes at all
Don't know

C2.C Economic development
Positive effects
Negative effects
Will bring no changes at all
Don't know

C2.D My personal income
Positive effects
Negative effects
Will bring no changes at all
Don't know

C2.E Reducing unemployment
Positive effects
Negative effects
Will bring no changes at all
Don't know

C2.F-EST Relations of Estonians and Non-Estonians
Improve
Deteriorate
Remain the same
Difficult to say

C2.G-EST Position of Non-Estonians in Estonian society
Improve
Deteriorate
Remain the same
Difficult to say

C3. In the European Union everyone has the right to work in other members countries. If our country should become a member of the EU, will you or another member of your family:
A . QUESTIONS ASKED OF ALL RESPONDENTS
C3A.1 Go abroad to work for some weeks or months?
Yes, definitely
Maybe
Probably not
No

C3A.2 Work abroad for some years?
Yes, definitely
Maybe
Probably not
No

C3A.3 Emigrate and live permanently in another country?
Yes, definitely
Maybe
Probably not
No
Don't know

B. QUESTIONS ASKED ONLY OF PEOPLE IN LABOUR FORCE
C3B.1 Go abroad to work for some weeks or months?
Yes, definitely
Maybe
Probably not
No

C3B.2 Go abroad to work for some weeks or months?
Yes, definitely
Maybe
Probably not
No

C3B.3 Emigrate and live permanently in another country ?
Yes, definitely
Maybe
Probably not
No
Don't know

C4. Do you happen to know the chief city of the European Union? Is it:
Berlin
London
Rome
Brussels
Paris
Other
Don't know

C5. In the conflict in Chechnya, are your sympathies most with
Russians
Chechens
Neither
Don't know

C6. Who do you think is mostly to blame for the war in Chechnya? (More than one answer accepted)
C6.1 Russian Army/FSB
C6.2 Chechens
C6.3 Islamic countries
C6.4 Don't know
C6.5 Other

C7. Do you think any of the following are a threat to the peace and security of this country?

C7.A Conflicts between (majority nationality) and Russians resident here
Definitely
Possibly
Probably not
Definitely not

C7.B Refugees, immigrants
Definitely
Possibly
Probably not
Definitely not
Difficult to say/No answer

C7.C The Russian state
Definitely
Possibly
Probably not
Definitely not
Difficult to say/No answer

C7.D Germany
Definitely
Possibly
Probably not
Definitely not
Difficult to say/No answer

C7.E USA
Definitely
Possibly
Probably not
Definitely not
Difficult to say/No answer

C7.F Hardline nationalist politicians in Russia
Definitely
Possibly
Probably not
Definitely not
Difficult to say/No answer

C7.G Hardline nationalist politicians in this country
Definitely
Possibly
Probably not
Definitely not
Difficult to say/No answer

C7.H Integration in an enlarging Europe
Definitely
Probably
Probably not
Definitely not
Difficult to say

C7ES. How much of a threat does Russia represent to
C7ES.1 Estonian independence
A great deal
Some
Fairly little
None

C7ES.2 Estonian economic progress
A great deal
Some
Fairly little
None

C7ES.3 Entry of Estonia into the European Union
A great deal
Some
Fairly little
None

C7ES.4 Entry of Estonia into NATO
A great deal
Some
Fairly little
None
Difficult to say

C7ES.5 Integration of non-Estonians into Estonian society
A great deal
Some
Fairly little
None
Difficult to say

C7ES.6 Image and reliability of non-Estonians in the eyes of Estonians
A great deal
Some
Fairly little
None
Difficult to say

C8. NATO is an alliance of Britain, France, Germany, the United States and other countries. It offers military protection against attack. What do you think of the idea that this country should join NATO?
Very beneficial
Somewhat beneficial
Not so beneficial
Not at all beneficial
Difficult to say

D) POLITICAL AFFAIRS
D1. There is a lot of talk about the duties that people owe this country. Which do you think that everyone who is resident here ought to do?
D1.A Military service when young
Always
Usually
Unimportant
Not at all

D1.B Learn the national language
Always
Usually
Unimportant
Not at all

D1.C Pay taxes on all their income
Always
Usually
Unimportant
Not at all

D1.D Respect the nation's flag
Always
Usually
Unimportant
Not at all

D1.E Obey all the country's laws
Always
Usually
Unimportant
Not at all

D1.F Try to understand the point of view of people different from your family
Always do
Usually
Unimportant
Not at all

D2. (In Lithuania/Latvia)There is a lot of talk about the rights that people ought to have. Which rights do you think should be enjoyed by everyone resident in this country? (In Estonia) Which Estonia residents should in principle possess the following rights:
D2.A (Lit/Lat) Receive a pension on retirement
Definitely
Usually
Unimportant
No

(Estonia)
All residents
Estonian citizens and permanent residents
Only citizens of Estonia
Only Estonians

D2.B (Lit/Lat) Be educated in language of parents
Definitely
Usually
Unimportant
No

(Estonia) Obtain an education in one's own language
All residents
Estonian citizens and permanent residents
Only citizens of Estonia
Only Estonians
D2.C Right to buy a house if one wants to
Definitely
Usually
Unimportant
No

(Estonia C1) Right to buy an apartment
All residents
Estonian citizens and permanent residents
Only citizens of Estonia
Only Estonians

(Estonia C2) Right to buy a house
All residents
Estonian citizens and permanent residents
Only citizens of Estonia
Only Estonians

D2.D (Lit/Lat)Right to own land
Definitely
Usually
Unimportant
No

(Estonia)
All residents
Estonian citizens and permanent residents
Only citizens of Estonia
Only Estonians

D2.E (Lit/Lat)Vote, be a candidate in local elections
Definitely
Usually
Unimportant
No

(Estonia E1) Right to vote in local elections
All residents
Estonian citizens and permanent residents
Only citizens of Estonia
Only Estonians

(Estonia E2) Right to be a candidate in local elections.
All residents
Estonian citizens and permanent residents
Only citizens of Estonia
Only Estonians

D2.F (Lit/Lat) Vote, be a candidate in national elections
Definitely
Usually
Unimportant
No

(F1) Right to vote in elections to the Parliament
All residents
Estonian citizens and permanent residents
Only citizens of Estonia
Only Estonians

(F2) Right to be a candidate in Parliamentary elections
All residents
Estonian citizens and permanent residents
Only citizens of Estonia
Only Estonians

D2.G Right to obtain bank loans
All residents
Estonian citizens and permanent residents
Only citizens of Estonia
Only Estonians

D2.H Right to start one's own business
All residents
Estonian citizens and permanent residents
Only citizens of Estonia
Only Estonians

D2.I Right to obtain social benefit
All residents
Estonian citizens and permanent residents
Only citizens of Estonia
Only Estonians

D2.J Right to travel freely to other countries
All residents
Estonian citizens and permanent residents
Only citizens of Estonia
Only Estonians

D2.K Right to work in state institutions
All residents
Estonian citizens and permanent residents
Only citizens of Estonia
Only Estonians

D2.L Right to be a member of a party
All residents
Estonian citizens and permanent residents
Only citizens of Estonia
Only Estonians

D3. What should a person do if they need a government permit to make an
improvement to their house or flat (One answer only)
Don't worry; will get permit
Offer a 'tip' or a present
Use connections
Write letter to head office
Do what you want anyway
Nothing can be done
Try official one more time
Turn to court or lawyer
Turn to another institution
Other
No answer

D4. What should a person do if he or she is worried about thieves breaking into
their house? (More than one answer acceptable)
D4.A Complain to police
Definitely
Probably
Not much help
No help

D4.B Get stronger locks and door
Definitely
Probably
Not much help
No help

D4.C Make sure someone is usually home
Definitely
Probably
Not much help
No help

D4.D Keep a club, knife or gun
Definitely
Probably
Not much help
No help

D4.E Keep a fierce dog
Definitely
Probably
Not much help
No help

D5. If you went to see about something, would you expect fair treatment from:
D5.A Post office
Definitely
Probably
Not likely
Definitely not

D5.B Bank
Definitely
Probably
Not likely
Definitely not
Don't know

D5.C Supervisor at place of work
Definitely
Probably
Not likely
Definitely not
Don't know

D5.D Local shop
Definitely
Probably
Not likely
Definitely not

D5.E Doctor's office, hospital
Definitely
Probably
Not likely
Definitely not

D5.F Municipal housing office
Definitely
Probably
Not likely
Definitely not
Don't know

D5.G Police
Definitely
Probably
Not likely
Definitely not
Don't know

D5.H Social security office
Definitely
Probably
Not likely
Definitely not
Don't know

D6. Please think of the difference between the old system of government under the Communists and our present system. Please tell me for each statement whether, by comparison with the Communist, you think our present political system is much better, somewhat better, equal, somewhat worse, or much worse.
D6.A Everyone has the right to say what he or she thinks
Much better
Somewhat better
Equal
Somewhat worse
Much worse

D6.B You can join any organization you like
Much better
Somewhat better
Equal
Somewhat worse
Much worse
No answer

D6.C Ordinary people like me can influence what government does
Much better
Somewhat better
Equal
Somewhat worse
Much worse
No answer

D6.D Everybody has freedom of choice in religious matters
Much better
Somewhat better
Equal
Somewhat worse
Much worse

D6.E Everybody is treated equally and fairly by government.
Much better
Somewhat better
Equal
Somewhat worse
Much worse
No answer

D6.F Everybody can decide individually whether or not to participate in politics
Much better
Somewhat better
Equal
Somewhat worse
Much worse
No answer

D7. Here are statements that some Russian-speakers make about life in this country since independence. Can you tell me whether or not you agree.
D7.A People like us should not be made to learn Estonian/Latvian/ Lithuanian.
Definitely agree
Somewhat agree
Disagree
Definitely disagree

D7.B Conditions for people like me in Russia are worse than here.
Definitely agree
Somewhat agree
Somewhat disagree
Definitely disagree
No answer

D7.C This country offers better chances for improving living standards in future than does Russia.
Definitely agree
Somewhat agree
Disagree
Definitely disagree
No answer

D8. If you had to do so, could you find a place to live somewhere in Russia?
Definitely
Probably
Not very likely
Definitely not
Do not know

D9A. Which of these statements best fits your views of who should be a citizen and have the right to vote in elections to Parliament (choose only one).
Only those whose family
were citizens pre-1940
Everyone born in country
Everyone who has lived
here more than ten years
Everyone here at indepen'ce
Any former Soviet citizen
now living here
Other

D9B. Should people who want to become citizens have to pass an examination in the national language?
Definitely yes
Probably
Not necessary
Definitely not

D10A. What is your citizenship?
Baltic 100
Russian/Soviet
Other

D10B. What is your official nationality?
Baltic
Polish
Russian
Belorussian
Ukrainian, other ex-USSR
Finnish
Jewish
Other

D11. Here is a scale for ranking how the government works. The top, plus 100, is the best; at the bottom, minus 100, is the worst.
D11A. Where on this scale would you put the former communist regime?
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 (Neutral)
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
Difficult to say/No answer

D11B. Where on this scale would you put our present system of governing?
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 (Neutral)
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
Difficult to say/No answer

D11C. Where on this scale would you put our system of governing in five years?
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 (Neutral)
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
Difficult to say/No answer

ASK RUSSIAN-SPEAKER ONLY:
D12. And on this same scale, where would you place:
D12A The Soviet system of government before perestroika?
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 (Neutral)
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
Difficult to say/No answer

D12B The present Russian system of governing?
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 (Neutral)
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
Difficult to say/No answer

D12C The system of governing that Russia will have in five years?
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 (Neutral)
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-60
-70
-80
-90
-100
Difficult to say/No answer

D13. Our present system of government is not the only one that this country has had; some people say we would be better off if the country was governed differently. What do you think? Do you think:
D13.A We should return to Communist rule
Strongly agree
Somewhat agree
Somewhat disagree
Strongly disagree
Difficult to say/No answer

D13.B The army should govern the country
Strongly agree
Somewhat agree
Somewhat disagree
Strongly disagree

D13.C It is best to have a strong leader who can quickly decide things without bothering with Parliament and elections
Strongly agree
Somewhat agree
Somewhat disagree
Strongly disagree
Difficult to say/No answer

D13.B-Est Estonia needs the rule of a firm hand; for the provision of law and order- more rights should be given to the power ministries such as the army and police
Strongly agree
Somewhat agree
Somewhat disagree
Strongly disagree
Difficult to say

D13.C-Est Estonia should decrease the power of the Parliament and increase the power of the President
Strongly agree
Somewhat agree
Somewhat disagree
Strongly disagree
Difficult to say

D13.D (Lit/Lat)We would be better off if we were still part of the Soviet Union
Strongly agree
Somewhat agree
Somewhat disagree
Strongly disagree
Difficult to say/No answer

D13.E (Estonia) We should preserve our present system of government
Strongly agree
Somewhat agree
Somewhat disagree
Strongly disagree
Difficult to say

D14A. Some people think this country would be better governed if parliament were suspended and we did not have lots of political parties. How likely do you think it is that this could happen here in the next few years?
Very likely
Maybe
Not very likely
Not at all likely
Difficult to say/No answer

D14B. If Parliament was suspended and parties abolished, would you approve or disapprove?
Strongly approve
Somewhat approve
Somewhat disapprove
Strongly disapprove
Difficult to say/No answer

E) DEMOGRAPHIC QUESTIONS
E1. Gender
Male
Female

E2. Marital status
Single
Married/living with partner
Separated, divorced
Widowed

E3. How old are you? (answer in years)
18 - 19 years
20 - 29 years
30 - 39 years
40 - 49 years
50 - 59 years
60+ years

E4. Did either of your parents or grandparents own a business or farm?
Large business
Small business
Owned farm
None

E5. Compared to your parents, have you had:
More education
About the same level
Less

E6A. Number of people in household
1
2
3
4
5
6+

HOMELANG. What language do you speak in your household?
Baltic
Russian
Polish
Other
Mixed

E7. And in the past month what was the total household income--including earnings of family members, scholarships, pension, unemployment benefits and other income (in respective nations' currencies).

E8. Does your household have any of the following? (Yes answers shown)
E8.A Colour television
E8.B Video cassette recorder
E8.C Car
E8.D Shares in enterprises

E10. What was your highest level of education?
Incomplete primary school
Completed primary
Manual vocational qualifi'n
Non-manual vocat'al qual'n
Incomplete secondary
Academic secondary
University, polytechnic

E11A. To which religious group do you belong?
Roman Catholic
Orthodox
Lutheran/Protestant
Jewish
Other
Not a believer
Refused

E11B. How often do you attend religious services?
Nearly every week
About once a month
A few times a year
Rarely
Never

E12. Where were you living in 1990?
Same town
This country
Another country

E13. Were you or another person in your family formerly a member of the Communist Party?
Yes, self
Yes, member of family
No

TOWNSIZE
Village
Small town, 5-20 thousand
Towns, 20-50 thousand
Towns, 50-500 thousand
Capital

I3. Russian-speakers as % of local district's population.
Less than 5%
5-20%
21-33%
34-45%
45-55%
More than 55%

F. COMMUNICATION AND ETHNIC RELATIONS
K5. Do you have relatives, close friends or business partners in the following countries? (% yes)
K5.A Russia
K5.B Other CIS
K5.C Another Baltic country
K5.D Finland or Sweden
K5.E Another European country
K5.F USA
K5.G Other country
K78. How often do you see, listen to, or read, some of the following?

K78.A TV
6-7 days a week
3-5 times a week
1-2 times a week
Few times a month
Rarely
Never

K78.B Radio
6-7 days a week
3-5 times a week
1-2 times a week
Few times a month
Rarely
Never

K78.C Newspapers or magazines
6-7 days a week
3-5 times a week
1-2 times a week
Few times a month
Rarely
Never

K97. How would you rate the economic inequality that exists between the following groups of the population in Estonia today
K97.A Townspeople and village people
Very large
Fairly large
Fairly small
Very small
No inequality
Difficult to say

K97.B Highly educated and poorly educated people
Very large
Fairly large
Fairly small
Very small
No inequality

K97.C Estonian and non-Estonian people
Very large
Fairly large
Fairly small
Very small
No inequality

K97.D Wealthy and poor
Very large
Fairly large
Fairly small
Very small
No inequality

K79.E Young and old
Very large
Fairly large
Fairly small
Very small
No inequality

K79.F Men and women
Very large
Fairly large
Fairly small
Very small
No inequality

K79.G Citizens of Estonia and non-citizens
Very large
Fairly large
Fairly small
Very small
No inequality
Difficult to say

K98. Do you think it is easier for Estonians than non-Estonians equal in citizenship, age,
education, language fluency, and experience to:
K98.A Get work according to specialization
Yes, always easier for Estonians
Yes, often
Sometimes
No, not easier
Easier for non-Estonians

K98.B Get work in a state institution
Yes, always easier for Estonians
Yes, often
Sometimes
No, not easier
Easier for non-Estonians
Difficult to say

K98.C Get a superior post
Yes, always easier for Estonians
Yes, often
Sometimes
No, not easier
Easier for non-Estonians

K98.D Achieve success in business
Yes, always easier for Estonians
Yes, often
Sometimes
No, not easier
Easier for non-Estonians

K98.E Become prominent in politics
Yes, always easier for Estonians
Yes, often
Sometimes
No, not easier
Easier for non-Estonians
Difficult to say

K98.F Obtain higher education
Yes, always easier for Estonians
Yes, often
Sometimes
No, not easier
Easier for non-Estonians

K98.G Obtain work with greater pay
Yes, always easier for Estonians
Yes, often
Sometimes
No, not easier
Easier for non-Estonians
Difficult to say

K98.H To provide for oneself and one's family's material welfare
Yes, always easier for Estonians
Yes, often
Sometimes
No, not easier
Easier for non-Estonians

K98.I Obtain social benefits
Yes, always easier for Estonians
Yes, often
Sometimes
No, not easier
Easier for non-Estonians
Difficult to say


CSPP School of Government & Public Policy U. of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XQ Scotland
Email: cspp@strath.ac.uk