Type of Employer
% Labour Force | ||||
Region | State | Ex-State | New Private | % Mean New Private |
East Siberia | 44 | 20 | 33 | 143 |
Volga | 35 | 37 | 28 | 122 |
Central | 48 | 25 | 25 | 109 |
West Siberia | 57 | 19 | 24 | 104 |
Northern | 58 | 16 | 23 | 100 |
RUSSIAN MEAN | 50 | 26 | 23 | 100 |
North-west | 51 | 26 | 22 | 96 |
Far East | 62 | 18 | 20 | 87 |
North Caucasus | 53 | 28 | 19 | 83 |
Volgo-Vyatka | 40 | 38 | 19 | 83 |
Urals | 53 | 30 | 17 | 74 |
Central Black Earth | 60 | 28 | 12 | 52 |
Source: VCIOM Nationwide Surveys 1997 |
State Employment Still Dominates
Efforts to promote the market have only half succeeded; across Russia as a whole, 50 per cent of the labour force is sitll employed in the state sector, whether by manufacturing plants and other enterprises or in providing non-market social services such as education and health. This is about double the average in Western Europe. State employment is highest in the Far East and the Central Black Earth regions. It is lowest in Volgo-Vyatka and Volga regions.
Those working in the non-state sector are almost evenly divided between workers in privatized ex-state enterprises and those in private firms and co-operatives which were never part of the command economy. The highest proportion working in ex-state enterprises are in Volgo-Vyatka; the highest proportion working in new private firms are in East Siberia.