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Russia 10 Questionnaire

A. EMPLOYMENT

We would like you to answer some questions about the work you do. If you work at several jobs, tell us about the job which you consider to be your main one.
1. What is your current economic status?
a. Employed Go to 2A
b. Self-employed, own business, own farm Go to 2A
c. Employed, on maternity leave Go to 2A
d. Pensioner but still employed. Go to 2A
e. Pensioner Go to 2B
f. Unemployed, get state unemployment benefit Go to B 1
g. Unemployed, don't get state unemployment benefit "
h. Housewife Go to B 1
k. Student "
l. Other "

2A. In the past 12 months for any period:
a. Have you received (Are you receiving) wages late Yes/ No
b. Have you been (Will you be) not paid at all Yes/ No

2B. IF pensioner, in the past 12 months for any period:
a. Have you received (Are you receiving) pension s late Yes/ No
b. Have you been (Will you be) not paid pension at all Yes/ No

Ask Qs. 3-7 only of those employed (reply a,b,c, or d to Q. 1
3. Which of these terms best describes your employer
State-owned enterprise
State budgetary organization,
Mixed ownership (state and private) enterprise
Privatized former state enterprise
Newly created enterprise/private company
Foreign enterprise/ joint venture
Self-employed, own business
Enterprise based on state or collective farm or forestry enterprise
Other (Specify)

4. Do you trust the leadership of your enterprise (organization) to look after your interests?
Yes, definitely / Somewhat / Not much / Not at all

5A. Is there a trade union at your place of work?
Yes IF YES: Go to 5B
No Go to 6
Don't know Go to 6 (give respondent this option)

5B. Are you a member of the union?
Yes Go to 5C
No Go to 6
No union at place of work Go to 6

IF YES:
5C. Do you trust union officials at your place of work to look after your interests?
Yes, definitely / Somewhat / Not much / Not at all

5D. Do you trust national trade union officials to look after your interests?
Yes, definitely / Somewhat / Not much / Not at all

6. After paying taxes, what salary or income did you earn from your main job in the past month including money you have earned but not yet received, bonuses you expect to receive etc.? (Incomes received in foreign currency should be converted into roubles at the current rate).
Approximately ___________roubles. 9=earned nothing last month

7. Do you earn enough from your main job to buy all you really need?
Definitely enough / Just enough / Not enough / Definitely not enough

B. THE ECONOMY

Here are statements that are sometimes made about the country's economy. With which are you more inclined to agree with, and how much?
1. A) Individuals should be responsible for their own welfare
Definitely agree / Somewhat agree
OR
B) The state should be responsible for everyone's economic security
Definitely agree / Somewhat agree

2. A) State ownership is the best way to run an enterprise.
Definitely agree / Somewhat agree
OR
B) An enterprise is best run by private entrepreneurs
Definitely agree / Somewhat agree

3. A) It is better when there are plenty of goods in the shops even if they are expensive
Definitely agree / Somewhat agree
OR
B) It is better when the prices are kept low by the state even if there are few goods in the shops
Definitely agree / Somewhat agree

4. A) Western countries have prosperous economies because they have a high respect for laws
Definitely agree / Somewhat agree
OR
B) Russia can develop a strong economy using the mechanisms of the "shadow economy" and informal schemes
Definitely agree / Somewhat agree

5. Here is a scale ranking how well an economy works. The top, plus 100, is the best and the bottom, minus 100, is the worst. Where on this scale would you put:
a. The economic system before perestroyka?
b. Our current economic system
c. Our economic system in five years

Now here are some questions about the material situation of your family
6. In the past twelve months did your family often, sometimes, rarely, or never have to do without:
Often / Sometimes / Rarely / Never
a) Food
b) Heating
c) Electricity
d) Clothes, shoes that are really necessary

7. Including all sources of family income, what was your total family income in the past month, including money you have earned but not yet received, bonuses you expect to receive, etc. (Note: Convert any foreign currency earnings into roubles)
----------- Roubles

8. Do you have any of the following in your household:
a. Colour television Yes / No
b. Video cassette recorder
c. Car bought second hand
d. A car bought new
e. Shares in an enterprise or investment fund

9. All in all, how do you rate the economic situation of your family today?
Very satisfactory / Fairly satisfactory / Not very satisfactory / Very unsatisfactory

10 How would you compare your family's economic situation with what it was before perestroyka, that is before 1985?
Much better now / Somewhat better / Same / Somewhat worse now / Much worse

11. What do you think the economic situation of your family will be in five years compared to now?
Much better in future / Somewhat better / Same / Somewhat worse / Much worse

12. a. Which activity on this card is the most important for the standard of living of you and your family?
b. And which is second in importance?
1st-a 2nd-b
(SHOW CARD) (Only one answer for a, for b)
-Growing own food
-Repairing house or apartment
-What we get as favours
-What we get with the help of friends and relatives
-Income in foreign currency
-Earnings in second job, income from own business
-Money that we get on the side, private services, commissions, tips
-Earnings from regular job
-Pension or unemployment money
-Benefits given at work, like meals, holidays, housing, medical services, school places, free public transport etc.

13. In the past year has your household:
Made savings / Just got by / Spent savings / Borrowed money / Spent savings and borrowed money

14. How long will it be before you have reached a standard of living with which you are content?
1-2 years / 3-5 years / 6-10 years / Never / Already content / Don't know

C. SYSTEMS OF GOVERNMENT

1. Here is a scale for evaluating the political system. The top, plus 100, is the best, and the bottom, minus 100, is the worst. Where on this scale would you put:
a. the political system we had before perestroyka
b. our current political system
c. the political system we will have in five years

2a. The word democracy has many different meanings. How important do you think each of the following conditions is in making a country's system of government democratic?
Essential / Important but not essential / Not very important / Unimportant
a. Freedom of action; you don't have to do what politicians say if you don't want to
b. Government guarantees a certain level of income for all its citizens
c. A choice of candidates and parties at each election
d. The country is economically prosperous
e. There is freedom to criticize government
f. Equality of all citizens before the law

2b. Which of the following statements do you agree with most? (choose one)
1. Democracy is preferable to any other kind of government.
2. In certain situations, an authoritarian government can be preferable to a democratic one.
3. It doesn't matter to people like me whether we have a democratic government or a non-democratic government.

3. Here is a scale ranging from a low of 1 and a high 10; 1 means complete dictatorship and 10 means complete democracy.
a. Where would you place our country at the present time?
b. And where you personally like our country to be placed?
c. How suitable do you think democracy is for our country? Give your answer on a scale where 1 means completely unsuitable and 10 means completely suitable.

4.a Some people think this country would be better governed if Parliament were suspended. How likely do you think this is to happen in the next few years?
Very likely / Maybe / Not very likely/ Not at all likely

4.b IF Parliament was suspended, would you:
Strongly approve / Somewhat approve / Somewhat disapprove / Strongly disapprove

5. There are different opinions about what should be the nature of the state. To what extent do you
Completely agree / Generally agree / Somewhat disagree /Generally disagree
a. It would be better to restore the Communist system
b. The army should govern the country.
c. We should restore the monarchy
d. A tough dictatorship is the only way out of the current situation

D. LAW AND ORDER

1. What has been the experience of yourself and family members in dealing with public officials in the past year? (One answer only)
1 Had no contact
2 Usually didn't get what I wanted.
Usually got what I wanted
3. Without difficulty
4 After some delays and inconvenience
5 Had to use a connection
6 Had to give a present, pay cash

2. If the only way to get a public agency to do something would be to give money to an official, is this acceptable?
Definitely acceptable / Probably acceptable / Probably not acceptable / Definitely not acceptable

3. Which of these statements comes closest to your own view.
A. The Russian state needs to make a big effort to enforce all its laws strictly.
Definitely Agree / Somewhat agree
OR
B. Attempting to enforce all laws strictly would only make life difficult for
people like myself.
Somewhat agree / Definitely agree

4. It is sometimes said that there is no need to pay taxes if you don't want to; the government will never find out about it. Do you think this is:
Definitely so / Usually the case / Usually not the case / Definitely not so

5. It is said that even if the government found out a person wasn't paying taxes, he or she could always give a "present" to an official who would help him find a way around paying taxes. Do you think this is:
Definitely so / Usually the case / Usually not the case / Definitely not so

6. How common do you think bribe-taking and corruption is in:
Practically none / Not much / Quite a lot / Totally corrupt
a. Local government
b. Duma
c. Army
d. Police
e. Federal Security Service (FSB)
f. The Kremlin/ Presidential administration

7. Would you say that the level of corruption in government today is mainly:
(Choose only one)
Product of the Communist past
Result of introducing a new system of government
An eternal Russian problem.
A combination of all of these

8. Some people say that the FSB (Federal Security Service ) is primarily concerned with defending society against threats to national security. Others say it is primarily concerned with defending the authorities against criticism from society. Which do you think is its primary activity nowadays?
Primarily defending society against threats to national security
Primarily defending the authorities from criticism
Doing both

9. Do you think that in defence of the security of the state, the FSB should be able to do whatever it deems expedient, even if it means breaking laws that are meant to protect individual rights and freedoms?
Definitely should be able do whatever is necessary
In most cases
Only in exceptional cases
Not at all

10. What has been your experience of crime. In the past two years, have you or anyone you know been attacked or had something stolen from you when on the street? (Can select more than one category)
Yes, self / Member of family / Friend, acquaintance, colleague / No one

11. In the past two years, have you or anyone you know had their house broken into and something stolen? (Can select more than one category)
Yes, our house / House of friend / No one

12. How likely do you think it is that the courts will punish those who:
Very likely / Probably / Probably not / Definitely not
a. Rob people on the street
b. Businessmen who evade taxes
c. Public officials who take bribes

13. Compared to the old regime before perestroyka would you say today things are:
Much better than before/ Somewhat better/ Much the same/ A little worse/ Much worse
a. Everyone has the right to say what they think
b. You can join any organization you like
c. Everybody has freedom of choice in religious matters
d. Everyone can decide individually whether or not to participate in politics.

E. SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS AND NETWORKS

1. Do you belong to any of the following types of organization (more than one answer okay)
a. Sport or recreation group
b. Musical, literary, or art group
c. Political party
d. Association to improve your housing block, neighbourhood
e. Charitable organization
f. Don't belong to any of these organizations

2. Some people say that a good way to deal with society's difficulties would be if more citizens would form non-party associations to lobby government to improve conditions. Others say that such efforts would not do any good and be a waste of time. What do you think?
Definitely worthwhile / Probably would be worth doing / Probably wouldn't be worth the effort / Definitely wouldn't be worth the effort

3. How often do you discuss politics?
Often / Sometimes / Seldom / Never

4. Do people you know ask your opinion about political affairs:
Often / Sometimes / Seldom / Never

5. From time to time people want to discuss important personal matters with others. When this happens, do you turn to:
Family / Friends / Both family and friends / Don't have anyone to talk to

6. If you became seriously ill and needed some help in the house, is there anyone outside your family that you could count on to help?
Definitely/ Probably/ Probably not/ Definitely not

7. Could you borrow as much as a week's wage or pension from
Definitely/ Probably/ Probably not/ Definitely not/ Difficult to answer
a) Bank?
b) Friend or a relative?

8A. To what extent do you trust each of these political institutions to look after your interests? Please indicate on a scale with 1 for complete absence of trust at all and 7 great trust.
a. Political parties
b. Constitutional court
c. Police
d. Army
e. Duma members
f. SMD member in district in which you live
g. FSB (Federal Security Service)
h. The President of Russia
j. Governor of this region

8B. And to what extent do you trust the following groups in society to look after your interests?
a. Newspapers
b. Television
c. Directors of big industrial enterprises
d. Directors of big banks, financial enterprises
e. Trade unions
f Churches
g. Most people in this country
h. Most people you know

9. With economic reform, there are now opportunities for people to become businessmen and make money. Would you say that people who make a lot of money:
Definitely/ Somewhat agree / Somewhat disagree/ Definitely disagree
a. Work hard
b. Take advantage of other people
c. Help make our economy grow, create jobs for people
d. Have connections in government bodies
e. Have connections with the criminal world

F. CURRENT AFFAIRS

1 How would you rate the following for finding out what is going on in this country?
Very good / Fairly good / Not much use / No good
a. Television
b. Newspapers
c. Talking with friends
d. My own experience, observations

2. Would you favour the government having more influence over television news in order to promote what it considered to be the national interest?
Definitely favour / Somewhat favour / Somewhat dislike / Definitely dislike

3. How much influence do you think each of the following groups has on Russian life today? Please indicate on this scale, where 1 equals absolutely no influence and 7 equals the greatest influence.
a. Political parties
b. Constitutional court
c. Police
d. Army
e. Duma members
f. SMD member in district in which you live
g. FSB (Federal Security Service)
h. The President of Russia
j. Governor of this region
k. Newspapers
l. Television
m. Directors of big industrial enterprises
n. Oligarchs, financiers and bankers

4. Do you happen to know the name of:
a. The deputy who represents this single-member district in the Duma?
b. The governor of this region?
c. And the Prime Minister of Russia today?

5. When there is a difference of opinion between the governor of this region and the federal government about what should be done here, whose opinion do you think should be followed?
Definitely governor / Usually governor / Usually the government of Russia / Definitely the government of Russia

6. Do you think the President of Russia should have the right to suspend the Parliament and introduce presidential rule by decree if he considers that necessary.
Strongly agree / Somewhat agree / Somewhat disagree / Strongly disagree

7. Do you think the Duma should have the right to stop the President taking decisions that it considers wrong.
Strongly agree / Somewhat agree / Somewhat disagree / Strongly disagree

8. Which broad political outlook, if any, do you most associate with Vladimir Putin? (choose only one)
Support a market economy / Communist / Great power patriot / Environmentalist, Green / Other specify / None

9 What assessment would you give to Vladimir Putin as President, if '1' is the very bad and '10' is the best mark?

G. PARTIES AND ELECTIONS

1 Some people say that Russia has too many political parties and the law should be changed to make it more difficult to form a new political party while others believe the law should not make it difficult for people to form a political party if they want to do so. What do you think?
A. Too many parties, make it harder to organise
Definitely agree / Somewhat agree
OR
B. Should not be difficult for people to form a party if they want to
Definitely agree / Somewhat agree

2 What do you think of elections in which we have a big choice of candidates and parties for the Duma and of candidates for the Presidency?
Definitely favour / Somewhat favour / Not so good / Definitely bad

3 Do you think having elections regularly makes government do what ordinary people want?
To a large extent / Somewhat / Not much / Not at all

4. And what broad political outlook are you most inclined to favour?:
Support a market economy
Communist
Great power patriot
Environmentalist, Green
Other specify
None

5 Which of the parties and fractions in the Duma participate actively in the political life of your region? (Can name more than one)
Yabloko
Unity
LDPR
Fatherland
KPRF
Right Forces
People's Deputies
Russia's Regions
None of the above
Don't know

6 What do you think people like yourself should do, when there is a national election? (choose one)
Make every effort to cast your vote
If it is not convenient, no need to vote
No point in voting; it doesn't do any good

7 A If a Duma election were held next Sunday and the following parties appeared on the party list ballot, for which would you vote?
Unity To 7B
Women of Russia
KPRF
LDPR "
Fatherland
Right Forces
Yabloko "
Other
Against all To 8
Don't know "
Wouldn't vote "

7B. IF NAMES A PARTY How much would you trust this party to look after your interests?
Definitely trust / Somewhat trust / Unsure / Not trust much / Not really trust

8A Did you vote in the presidential election held a year ago March?
Yes Go to 8 B
No Go to 9
Can't remember "
Too young "

IF YES: 8B For which candidate did you vote? (Russian alpha order)
Gennady Zyuganov
Vladimir Zhirinovsky
Vladimir Putin
Aman Tuleev
Grigory Yavlinsky
Other
Against all

9 If a election for the presidency were held next Sunday, for whom would you vote?
Gennady Zyuganov
Vladimir Zhirinovsky
Yuri Luzhkov
Boris Nemtsov
Vladimir Putin
Aman Tuleev
Sergei Shoigu
Grigory Yavlinsky
Other
Against all
Don't know
Wouldn't vote

10. What is your attitude to the actions of the Russian government in Chechnya.
Fully support / Support to some degree / Many criticisms / Definitely oppose

11. If only volunteers were sent to conflict areas, would you be willing to you yourself or see your husband, son, brother or other close relative, go to Chechnya to fight the bandits and terrorists?
Yes / No / Couldn't go because of health, other reasons

12 What do you think will be the eventual outcome of the conflict in Chechnya?
All of Chechnya will be part of Russia
Chechnya north of the Terek be part of Russia
Fighting will continue with enormous losses on both sides, as in 1996
Protracted fighting will spread to other parts of the North Caucasus

13 What do you think of the possible separation of Chechnya from Russia?
It has already happened in fact
I would be pleased by such a turn of events
It wouldn't make any difference to me
I'm against this but could accept it
We must prevent it by all means, including military

H. INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

1 Some people think the CIS countries should integrate more closely; others think this would not be of benefit to Russia. Which comes closer to your view? (one answer only)
Very much favour closer integration
Somewhat favour closer integration
Somewhat oppose closer integration
Very much oppose closer integration.

2 In which direction do you think the Union between Russia and Belarus should develop? (one answer only)
The Union should be dissolved
Remain as it is
Further integration, but remaining two independent states
The two countries should merge into a single state

3a What kind of relations would you wish to see between Russia and Ukraine. (one answer only)
We should be careful not to get caught up in the problems of that country
Closer economic and political relations between independent states
They should form a single state.

3b Some people say Russia, Belarus and Ukraine should unite in one state. Others say they should remain independent states. Which comes closer to your own view? (one answer only)
1= REMAIN INDEPENDENT STATES; 10=UNITE INTO ONE STATE]

4 How much help do you think Russia should give other CIS states? (one answer only)
Should not help CIS countries
Should help less than today
Should help as much as at present
Should help more than today

5 Do you ever think of yourself as a European? (one answer only)
Often / Sometimes / Rarely / Never

6 As you may know, 15 states of Western Europe together form the European Union. Do you happen to know which of these cities is its headquarters?
(Choose one)
Berlin / Paris/ London / Brussels / Rome / Don't know

7 Are your general impressions of the aims and activities of the European Union (one answer only)
Very positive / Fairly positive / Fairly negative / Very negative / Don't know anything about the aims and activities of the European Union

8 If our country in the future joined the European Union, what would be your opinion (one answer only)
Great approval / Some approval / Would somewhat oppose / Strongly oppose

9 Do you happen to know what NATO is? Is it: (ONLY ONE CHOICE)
A big economic trading bloc linking Western Europe, Canada and USA
The peacekeeping forces of the United Nations
An American-led military alliance with Western Europe and Canada
Don't know

10 Do you think any of the following could be a substantial threat to security of Russia? (one answer only)
Big threat / Some threat / Little threat / No threat at all
a. China
b. Germany
c. Iraq
d. USA
e. European Union
f. People of other nationalities living in Russia.
g. Ukraine
h. NATO

11. In the next five years do you think some other country might attack Russia (one answer only)
Very likely / A real possibility / Not likely / Not at all likely

12. Since the break up of the Soviet Union, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland have joined NATO. Do you think the entry of these countries into NATO presents any threat to the security of this country? (one answer only)
Major threat / Some threat / not much threat / not at all

13. What would your attitude be if the Baltic countries also joined NATO? Would such an alliance present any threat to the security of this country? (one answer only)
Major threat / Some threat / not much threat / not at all

14. In your opinion, if Russia became a member of NATO would that be (one answer only)
Very good / Quite good / Not very good / Very bad

15 Do you think this country should increase what it spends on military defense, decrease it, or leave things as they are at present? (one answer only)
Spend a lot more / Spend a little more / Leave as it is / Spend a little less / Spend a lot less

16A What should Russia do if the United States goes ahead with building a nuclear missile defence system? (Choose one)
Spend a lot more money on a stronger Russian nuclear missile defence Go to 17
Nothing Go to 17
Negotiate with the Americans to make them stop. Go to 16B

IF ANSWERS 'NEGOTIATE'
16 B If the United States does not want to negotiate an agreement, should Russia (one answer only)
Spend a lot of money on a stronger Russian nuclear missile defence
Do nothing

17 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: It is very bad that the Soviet Union no longer exists. (one answer only)
Complete agree / Tend to agree / Tend to disagree / Completely disagree

18 In the next few years, many of Russia's neighbours, such as Poland and the Baltic states, are likely to join the European Union. What effect do you think this will have on (one answer only):
Definitely positive / somewhat positive / no effect / somewhat negative / definitely negative
18a. Russia's military strength
18b. The Russian economy as a whole
18c. Russians being able to get work in a European country?
18d. Being able to buy European goods in Russia

19 Some say that Russia's future lies with the countries of Western Europe. Others think it lies with such Slavic countries as Ukraine and Belarus. Which is closer to your view? (one answer only)
Definitely Slavic Ukraine, Belarus
More likely Ukraine, Belarus
Probably Western Europe
Definitely Western Europe

20a With which countries should Russia align itself most closely in foreign policy.
(Maximum of two choices)
USA
Germany
China
India
Ukraine
Belarus
Other (specify)
None

21 Some people say that since Vladimir Putin took over from Boris Yeltsin as President, respect for Russia in the outside world has increased greatly but others disagree. What is your own view? (Read out) (one answer only)
Respect has risen greatly
Respect has risen some
No difference
Respect has fallen some
Respect fallen greatly

J. EXPECTATIONS OF FUTURE

1. How have the big changes in society since Soviet times affected you?
I have adapted to the changes
Still trying to adapt
I live as before, don't notice changes
I am unable to adjust

2. And do you think that these changes, which have imposed so many hardships, will bring positive results to the majority of people of this country sooner OR later?
Yes, in the next five years
Yes, in the next ten years
Eventually yes
Never
Don't know

3 After the election of Vladimir Putin as President of Russia how much has the situation of this country changed, compared to the situation under his predecessor, in the following areas?
Definitely improvement / some improvement / no change/ A little worse / A lot worse
a. Equality of everyone before the law, including public officials and rich people
b. Introducing order in society [poryadok]
c. social protection of the poor
d. Reducing crime
e. Keeping prices from rising

4 Now let's consider some things that might happen in this country in the next few years. How likely do you think it would be that:
Very likely / Maybe / Not very likely / Not at all likely
a. Fighting would break out in another predominantly non-Russian region besides Chechnya
b. There would be a big HIV-AIDs epidemic threatening the lives of millions of people in Russia
c. There would be another explosion at a nuclear power station like happened at Chernobyl?
d. The cost of energy for heating would become so high that we couldn't afford to heat our house properly in winter?
e. Russia would regain its status as a great power in the world?

5 Some people feel they have completely free choice and control over their lives, while others feel that what they do has no real effect on what happens to them. How about yourself? Where would you place yourself on this scale of the amount of free choice and control you have over the way your life turns out?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
None at all A great deal

6. People differ in what is meant by talking about "a normal society". How important do you think each of the following is in creating a normal society?
Essential / Important / Not very important / Not at all important
a. People can go about their everyday lives without government interfering
b. Everybody who wants to work can find a job.
c. Government officials treat ordinary people fairly.
d. If things go wrong, public welfare services will help.
e. If you save money, it does not lose its value because of inflation.
f. It is safe to go about the streets without being afraid of crime.
g. There are opportunities for you or your children to improve your living conditions.

7A Do you think Russian life today is that of a normal society?
Definitely Go to section K
Fairly normal: Go to 7 B
Only a little "
Not at all normal "

7B. IF not already normal: How long do you think it will be before Russia becomes a normal society?
1-2 years / 3-5 years / 6-10 years / Never / Difficult to know if it ever will be normal

7C What do you think is the biggest obstacles to Russia becoming a normal society? (READ OUT CARD) And second biggest?
1st 2nd biggest obstacle
National traditions against it
Ordinary people's everyday way of life
Legacy from Soviet times
Transition to a market economy
Laws not enforced, corruption in government
Democratic system of government
Low wages, unemployment
Majority of people unwilling to change

K. SOCIAL STRUCTURE

1. Gender:
Male
Female

2. How old are you?________ years

3. What is your level of education?
Elementary education or less
Incomplete secondary education
Complete secondary education without certificate
Completed vocational education with incomplete secondary
Completed secondary with certificate
Completed vocational education and secondary certificate
Completed specialised vocational education
Completed 3-4 years of higher education without a degree
Completed higher education with a degree
Completed higher education with more than one degree

4A Over the past 12 months, would you say your physical health has been:
Very good / good / average / poor / very poor

4B Over the past 12 months, would you say your emotional health has been:
Very good / good / average / poor / very poor

5. When you were a child were things so difficult that you sometimes went to bed hungry or had to do without medicines that were really needed?
Not that bad / Sometimes hungry / Sometimes without medicine / Sometimes both

6. Have you any brothers or sisters.
No Go to K15
Yes: How many
Brothers ------
Sisters ---------

IF only one sibling, ask
7 A When was your brother/sister born? Year -------
OR
IF more than one sibling, ask:
When was your oldest brother or sister born? Year -------
(IF respondent is oldest, then ask about sibling who is second oldest in family)

7 B Gender of sibling asked about
Male/ Female

8. What education did your brother/sister have?
Elementary education or less
Incomplete secondary education
Complete secondary education without certificate
Completed vocational education with incomplete secondary
Completed secondary with certificate
Completed vocational education and secondary certificate
Completed specialised vocational education
Completed 3-4 years of higher education without a degree
Completed higher education with a degree
Completed higher education with more than one degree
Don't know/Don't remember

9 And her/his marital status:
Single
Married
Divorced
Widowed
Don't know

10 Is your brother/ sister still alive?
Yes---Go to 11A, then to Q13.
No----Go to 11B
Don't know - go to Q.13

11A. And how often do you see your brother / sister? (Choose one)
Almost every day
At least once a week
At least once a month
A few times a year
Once a year
Less than once a year

11B. And in the five years before their death, about how often did you see your brother / sister (Choose one)
Almost every day
At least once a week
At least once a month
A few times a year
Once a year
Less than once a year

12 A. In what year did s/he die? --------

B. And what was the cause of death?
Chronic heart problem
Sudden and unexpected heart attack
Stroke
Cancer
Alcoholism
Other illnesses
Violence, criminal attack
Killed in war/ died of wounds
Accident
Don't know/ Don't remember

13. (ASK ALL) Is your/ was your brother/ sister a person who smoked:
A lot / Sometimes / Occasionally / Not at all / Don't know / Don't remember

14A. And does/did your brother/sister ever drink vodka or other strong alcoholic spirits
Not at all Go to 15
Occasionally (a few times a year)
About once a month
Several times a month
About once a week
Several times a week
Don't know Go to 15.

14B. People sometimes drink as much as half a bottle of vodka or spirits at one go (in one evening). Does/did you brother/sister drink this much:
About once a week
A few times a month
About once a month
A few times a year such as special occasions
Never

15 What is your current family status?
1 Single
2 Married:
3 Live together, but not married
4 Live separately, but not divorced:
5 Divorced:
6 Widowed:

16 A How many people are living together in this household, including yourself, all children and any temporarily absent? ----------

16 B. How many in this household are employed? ----------

17A. In our society there are people of high social position and people of low social position. On this scale, where 1 is the highest position and 10 the lowest, what position do you have now? (Show card)
1 (high) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (low)

17B. And what position did your family have before the break up of the Soviet Union?
1 (high) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (low)

17C. And what position does your brother/sister referred to above have, or what position did they have before their death?
1 (high) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (low)

18 Do you have access to the internet/WWW at home or work or elsewhere?
Yes
No
Never heard of it, don't know

19. To what extent are you proud to be a citizen of Russia?
Very proud
Fairly proud
Not very proud
Not at all proud

20. What is your nationality? -----------------
specify

21. How often do you go to church or religious services?
Once a week / more often
Once or twice a month
At least a few times a year
Less than once or twice a year
Never go to church


CSPP School of Government & Public Policy U. of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XQ Scotland
Email: cspp@strath.ac.uk